Fast and Flexible Selection with a Single Switch 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Fast and Flexible Selection with a Single Switch 英文参考文献.doc

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Fast and Flexible Selection with a Single Switch 英文参考文献

FastandFlexibleSelectionwithaSingleSwitch TamaraBroderick1*,DavidJ.C.MacKay2 1DepartmentofStatistics,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2CavendishLaboratory,UniversityofCambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom Abstract Selection methods that require only a single-switch input, such as a button click or blink, are potentially useful for individualswithmotorimpairments,mobiletechnologyusers,andindividualswishingtotransmitinformationsecurely.We presentasingle-switchselectionmethod,‘‘Nomon,’’thatisgeneralandefficient.Existingsingle-switchselectionmethods require selectable options to be arranged in ways that limit potential applications. By contrast, traditional operating systems, web browsers, and free-form applications (such as drawing) place options at arbitrary points on the screen. Nomon,however,hastheflexibilitytoselectanypointonascreen.Nomonadaptsautomaticallytoanindividual’sclicking ability;itallowsapersonwhoclickspreciselytomakeaselectionquicklyandallowsapersonwhoclicksimpreciselymore time to make a selection without error. Nomon reaps gains in information rate by allowing the specification of beliefs (priors) about option selection probabilities and by avoiding tree-based selection schemes in favor of direct (posterior) inference.WehavedevelopedbothaNomon-basedwritingapplicationandadrawingapplication.ToevaluateNomon’s performance,wecomparedthewritingapplicationwithapopularexistingmethodforsingle-switchwriting(row-column scanning).Noviceuserswrote35%fasterwiththeNomoninterfacethanwiththescanninginterface.Anexperienceduser (authorTB,withw10hourspractice)wroteatspeedsof9.3wordsperminutewithNomon,using1.2clickspercharacter andmakingnoerrorsinthefinaltext. Citation:BroderickT,MacKayDJC(2009)FastandFlexibleSelectionwithaSingleSwitch.PLoSONE4(10):e7481.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007481 Editor:NickMonk,UniversityofNottingham,UnitedKingdom ReceivedJuly31,2009;AcceptedSeptember18,2009;PublishedOctober22,2009 Copyright:?2009Broderick,MacKay.Thisi