Fast Negative Feedback Enables Mammalian Auditory Nerve Fibers to Encode a Wide Dynamic Range of Sound Intensities 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Fast Negative Feedback Enables Mammalian Auditory Nerve Fibers to Encode a Wide Dynamic Range of Sound Intensities 英文参考文献.doc

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Fast Negative Feedback Enables Mammalian Auditory Nerve Fibers to Encode a Wide Dynamic Range of Sound Intensities 英文参考文献

FastNegativeFeedbackEnablesMammalianAuditory NerveFiberstoEncodeaWideDynamicRangeofSound Intensities MarkOspeck* Independent,Boulder,Colorado,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Mammalianauditorynervefibers(ANF)areremarkableforbeingabletoencodea40dB,orhundredfold,rangeofsound pressure levels into their firing rate. Most of the fibers are very sensitive and raise their quiescent spike rate by a small amountforafaintsoundatauditorythreshold.Thenasthesoundintensityisincreased,theyslowlyincreasetheirspike rate,withsomefibersgoingupashighas,300Hz.Inthiswaymammalsareabletocombinesensitivityandwidedynamic range. They are also able to discern sounds embedded within background noise. ANF receive efferent feedback, which suggeststhatthefibersarereadjustedaccordingtothebackgroundnoiseinordertomaximizetheinformationcontentof their auditory spike trains. Inner hair cells activate currents in the unmyelinated distal dendrites of ANF where sound intensityisrate-codedintoactionpotentials.Wemodelthisspikegeneratorcompartmentasanattenuatorthatemploys fastnegativefeedback.Inputcurrentinducesrapidandproportionalleakcurrents.ThiswayANFareabletohavealinear frequencytoinputcurrent(f-I)curvethathasawidedynamicrange.TheANFspikegeneratorremainsverysensitiveto thresholdcurrents,butefferentfeedbackisabletoloweritsgaininresponsetonoise. Citation: Ospeck M (2012) Fast Negative Feedback Enables Mammalian Auditory Nerve Fibers to Encode a Wide Dynamic Range of Sound Intensities. PLoS ONE7(3):e32384.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032384 Editor:LiI.Zhang,UniversityofSouthernCalifornia,UnitedStatesofAmerica ReceivedOctober16,2011;AcceptedJanuary27,2012;PublishedMarch8,2012 Copyright: ? 2012 Mark Ospeck. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding:Thisauthorhasnosupportorfundingtoreport. CompetingInterests:Theauthorhasdeclaredt