Female Dominance over Males in Primates Self-Organisation and Sexual Dimorphism 英文参考文献.docVIP

下载本文档

11
0
约5.99万字
约 10页
2017-05-11 发布于上海
举报
版权申诉

Female Dominance over Males in Primates Self-Organisation and Sexual Dimorphism 英文参考文献.doc

1、本文档共10页，可阅读全部内容。
2、原创力文档（book118）网站文档一经付费（服务费），不意味着购买了该文档的版权，仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用，不得用于商业用途，未经授权，严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等，侵权必究。
3、本站所有内容均由合作方或网友上传，本站不对文档的完整性、权威性及其观点立场正确性做任何保证或承诺！文档内容仅供研究参考，付费前请自行鉴别。如您付费，意味着您自己接受本站规则且自行承担风险，本站不退款、不进行额外附加服务；查看《如何避免下载的几个坑》。如果您已付费下载过本站文档，您可以点击这里二次下载。
4、如文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等，请点击“版权申诉”（推荐），也可以打举报电话：400-050-0827(电话支持时间：9:00-18:30)。
5、该文档为VIP文档，如果想要下载，成为VIP会员后，下载免费。
6、成为VIP后，下载本文档将扣除1次下载权益。下载后，不支持退款、换文档。如有疑问请联系我们。
7、成为VIP后，您将拥有八大权益，权益包括：VIP文档下载权益、阅读免打扰、文档格式转换、高级专利检索、专属身份标志、高级客服、多端互通、版权登记。
8、VIP文档为合作方或网友上传，每下载1次，网站将根据用户上传文档的质量评分、类型等，对文档贡献者给予高额补贴、流量扶持。如果你也想贡献VIP文档。上传文档

Female Dominance over Males in Primates Self-Organisation and Sexual Dimorphism 英文参考文献

FemaleDominanceoverMalesinPrimates:Self- OrganisationandSexualDimorphism CharlotteK.Hemelrijk1*,JanWantia2,KarinIsler3 1TheoreticalBiology,CentreforEcologicalandEvolutionaryStudies,UniversityofGroningen,Haren,TheNetherlands,2DepartmentofInformatics,UniversityofZurich, Zurich,Switzerland,3AnthropologicalInstituteMuseum,UniversityofZurich,Zurich,Switzerland Abstract Theprocessesthatunderlietheformationofthedominancehierarchyinagrouparesincelongunderdebate.Modelsof self-organisation suggestthatdominance hierarchiesdevelopbytheself-reinforcing effects ofwinningandlosingfights (the so-called winner-loser effect),but according to‘the priorattributehypothesis’, dominance hierarchies developfrom pre-existingindividualdifferences,suchasinbodymass.Inthepresentpaper,weinvestigatetherelevanceofeachofthese twotheoriesforthedegreeoffemaledominanceovermales.Weinvestigatethisinacorrelativestudyinwhichwecompare femaledominancebetweengroupsof22speciesthroughouttheprimateorder.Inourstudyfemaledominancemayrange from0(nofemaledominance)to1(completefemaledominance).Asregards‘thepriorattributehypothesis’,weexpecteda negative correlation between female dominance over males and species-specific sexual dimorphism in body mass. However, to our surprise we found none (we use the method of independent contrasts). Instead, we confirm the self- organisationhypothesis:ourmodelbasedonthewinner-losereffectpredictsthatfemaledominanceovermalesincreases withthepercentageofmalesinthegroup.Weconfirmthispatternatseverallevelsinempiricaldata(amonggroupsofa singlespeciesandbetweenspeciesofthesamegenusandofdifferentones).Sincethewinner-losereffecthasbeenshown toworkinmanytaxaincludinghumans,theseresultsmayhavebroadimplications. Citation: Hemelrijk CK, Wantia J, Isler K (2008) Female Dominance over Males in Primates: Self-Organisation and Sexual Dimorphism. PLoS ONE 3(7): e2678. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002678 Editor:SarahFrancesBrosnan,GeorgiaStateUniversity,UnitedStatesofAmerica ReceivedFebruary22,2008