Fetuin-AAlbumin-Mineral Complexes Resembling Serum Calcium Granules and Putative Nanobacteria Demonstration of a Dual Inhibition-Seeding Concept 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Fetuin-AAlbumin-Mineral Complexes Resembling Serum Calcium Granules and Putative Nanobacteria Demonstration of a Dual Inhibition-Seeding Concept 英文参考文献.doc

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Fetuin-AAlbumin-Mineral Complexes Resembling Serum Calcium Granules and Putative Nanobacteria Demonstration of a Dual Inhibition-Seeding Concept 英文参考文献

Fetuin-A/Albumin-MineralComplexesResemblingSerum CalciumGranulesandPutativeNanobacteria: DemonstrationofaDualInhibition-SeedingConcept Cheng-YeuWu1,2.,JanMartel1,3.,DavidYoung1,4,JohnD.Young1,5,6 * 1Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan, Republic of China, 2Research Center of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Chang Gung University, Gueishan,Taiwan,RepublicofChina,3DepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecularBiology,GraduateInstituteofBiomedicalSciences,ChangGungUniversity,Gueishan, Taiwan, Republic of China, 4Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, 5Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America, 6Biochemical Engineering ResearchCenter,MingchiUniversityofTechnology,Taipei,Taiwan,RepublicofChina Abstract Serum-derived granulations and purported nanobacteria (NB) are pleomorphic apatite structures shown to resemble calciumgranuleswidelydistributedinnature.Theyappeartobeassembledthroughadualinhibitory-seedingmechanism involvingproteinaceousfactors,asdeterminedbyprotease(trypsinandchymotrypsin)andheatinactivationstudies.When inoculatedintocellculturemedium,thepurifiedproteinsfetuin-Aandalbuminfailtoinducemineralization,buttheywill readilycombinewithexogenouslyaddedcalciumandphosphate,eveninsubmillimolaramounts,toformcomplexesthat willundergomorphologicaltransitionsfromnanoparticlestospindles,films,andaggregates.Asamineralizationinhibitor, fetuin-Aismuchmorepotentthanalbumin,anditwillonlyseedparticlesathighermineral-to-proteinconcentrations.Both proteins display a bell-shaped, dose-dependent relationship, indicative of the same dual inhibitory-seeding mechanism seen with whole serum. As ascertained by both seeding experiments and gel electrophoresis, fetuin-A is not only more dominantbutitappearstocompeteavidlyfornanoparticlebindingattheexpenseofalbumin.Thenanoparticlesformedin thepr