Focusing on Attention The Effects of Working Memory Capacity and Load on Selective Attention 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Focusing on Attention The Effects of Working Memory Capacity and Load on Selective Attention 英文参考文献.doc

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Focusing on Attention The Effects of Working Memory Capacity and Load on Selective Attention 英文参考文献

FocusingonAttention:TheEffectsofWorkingMemory CapacityandLoadonSelectiveAttention LubnaAhmed*,JanW.deFockert Goldsmiths,UniversityofLondon,London,UnitedKingdom Abstract Background:Workingmemory(WM)isimperativeforeffectiveselectiveattention.Distractibilityisgreaterunderconditions ofhigh(vs.low)concurrentworkingmemoryload(WML),andinindividualswithlow(vs.high)workingmemorycapacity (WMC).Inthecurrentexperiments,werecordedtheflankertaskperformanceofindividualswithhighandlowWMCduring lowandhighWML,toinvestigatethecombinedeffectofWMLandWMConselectiveattention. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:InExperiment1,distractibilityfromadistractoratafixeddistancefromthetargetwas greaterwheneitherWMLwashighorWMCwaslow,butsurprisinglysmallerwhenbothWMLwashighandWMClow.Thus we observed an inverted-U relationship between reductions in WM resources and distractibility. In Experiment 2, we mapped the distribution of spatial attention as a function of WMC and WML, by recording distractibility across several target-to-distractordistances.Thepatternofdistractoreffectsacrossthetarget-to-distractordistancesdemonstratedthat thedistributionoftheattentionalwindowbecomesdispersedasWMresourcesarelimited.Theattentionalwindowwas morespreadoutunderhighcomparedtolowWML,andforlowcomparedtohighWMCindividuals,andevenmoreso whenthetwofactorsco-occurred(i.e.,underhighWMLinlowWMCindividuals).Theinverted-Upatternofdistractibility effectsinExperiment1,replicatedinExperiment2,canthusbeexplainedbydifferencesinthespreadoftheattentional windowasafunctionofWMresourceavailability. Conclusions/Significance: The current findings show that limitations in WM resources, due to either WML or individual differencesinWMC,affectthespatialdistributionofattention.Thedifferenceinattentionalconstrainingbetweenhighand low WMC individuals demonstrated in the current experiments helps characterise the nature of previously established associationsbetweenWMCandcontrolledattention. Citation: Ahmed L, de Fockert JW (2012) Focusing on Att