Fine-Scale Bacterial Beta Diversity within a Complex Ecosystem (Zodletone Spring, OK, USA) The Role of the Rare Biosphere 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Fine-Scale Bacterial Beta Diversity within a Complex Ecosystem (Zodletone Spring, OK, USA) The Role of the Rare Biosphere 英文参考文献.doc

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Fine-Scale Bacterial Beta Diversity within a Complex Ecosystem (Zodletone Spring, OK, USA) The Role of the Rare Biosphere 英文参考文献

Fine-ScaleBacterialBetaDiversitywithinaComplex Ecosystem(ZodletoneSpring,OK,USA):TheRoleofthe RareBiosphere NohaH.Youssef,M.B.Couger,MostafaS.Elshahed* DepartmentofMicrobiologyandMolecularGenetics,OklahomaStateUniversity,Stillwater,Oklahoma,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background:Theadaptationofpyrosequencingtechnologiesforuseinculture-independentdiversitysurveysallowedfor deepersamplingofecosystemsofinterest.Oneextremelywellsuitedareaofinterestforpyrosequencing-baseddiversity surveys that has received surprisingly little attention so far, is examining fine scale (e.g. micrometer to millimeter) beta diversityincomplexmicrobialecosystems. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:WeexaminedthepatternsoffinescaleBetadiversityinfouradjacentsedimentsamples (1mmapart)fromthesourceofananaerobicsulfideandsulfurrichspring(Zodletonespring)insouthwesternOklahoma, USA.Usingpyrosequencing,atotalof292,13016SrRNAgenesequenceswereobtained.Thebetadiversitypatternswithin thefourdatasetswereexaminedusingvariousqualitativeandquantitativesimilarityindices.LowlevelsofBetadiversity (high similarity indices) were observed between the four samples at the phylum-level. However, at a putative species (OTU0.03)level,higherlevelsofbetadiversity(lowersimilarityindices)wereobserved.Furtherexaminationofbetadiversity patternswithindominantandraremembersofthecommunityindicatedthatattheputativespecieslevel,betadiversityis much higher within rare members of the community. Finally, sub-classification of rare members of Zodletone spring communitybasedonpatternsofnoveltyanduniqueness,andfurtherexaminationoffinescalebetadiversityofeachof these subgroups indicated that members of the community that are unique, but non novel showed the highest beta diversitywithinthesesubgroupsoftherarebiosphere. Conclusions/Significance:Theresultsdemonstratetheoccurrenceofhighinter-samplediversitywithinseeminglyidentical samples from a complex habitat. We reason that such unexpected diversity should be taken into consideration wh