Fossil Fishes from China Provide First Evidence of Dermal Pelvic Girdles in Osteichthyans 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Fossil Fishes from China Provide First Evidence of Dermal Pelvic Girdles in Osteichthyans 英文参考文献.doc

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Fossil Fishes from China Provide First Evidence of Dermal Pelvic Girdles in Osteichthyans 英文参考文献

FossilFishesfromChinaProvideFirstEvidenceofDermal PelvicGirdlesinOsteichthyans MinZhu1*,XiaoboYu1,2,BrianChoo1,QingmingQu1,3,LiantaoJia1,WenjinZhao1,TuoQiao1,JingLu1 1KeyLaboratoryofEvolutionarySystematicsofVertebrates,InstituteofVertebratePaleontologyandPaleoanthropology,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing,China, 2Department of Biological Sciences, Kean University, New Jersey, United States of America, 3Subdepartment of Evolutionary Organismal Biology, Department of PhysiologyandDevelopmentalBiology,UppsalaUniversity,Uppsala,Sweden Abstract Background: The pectoral and pelvic girdles support paired fins and limbs, and have transformed significantly in the diversification of gnathostomes or jawed vertebrates (including osteichthyans, chondrichthyans, acanthodians and placoderms).Forinstance,changesinthepectoralandpelvicgirdlesaccompaniedthetransitionoffinstolimbsassome osteichthyans(acladethatcontainsthevastmajorityofvertebrates–bonyfishesandtetrapods)venturedfromaquaticto terrestrial environments. The fossil record shows that the pectoral girdles of early osteichthyans (e.g., Lophosteus, Andreolepis,PsarolepisandGuiyu)retainedpartoftheprimitivegnathostomepectoralgirdleconditionwithspinesand/or other dermal components. However, very little is known about the condition of the pelvic girdle in the earliest osteichthyans.Livingosteichthyans,likechondrichthyans(cartilaginousfishes),haveexclusivelyendoskeletalpelvicgirdles, whiledermalpelvicgirdlecomponents(platesand/orspines)havesofarbeenfoundonlyinsomeextinctplacodermsand acanthodians. Consequently, whether the pectoral and pelvic girdles are primitively similar in osteichthyans cannot be adequately evaluated, and phylogeny-based inferences regarding the primitive pelvic girdle condition in osteichthyans cannotbetestedagainstavailablefossilevidence. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we report the first discovery of spine-bearing dermal pelvic girdles in early osteichthyans, based on a new articulated specimen of Guiy