FOXO Regulates Organ-Specific Phenotypic Plasticity In Drosophila 英文参考文献.docVIP

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FOXO Regulates Organ-Specific Phenotypic Plasticity In Drosophila 英文参考文献.doc

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FOXO Regulates Organ-Specific Phenotypic Plasticity In Drosophila 英文参考文献

FOXORegulatesOrgan-SpecificPhenotypicPlasticityIn Drosophila HuiYuanTang1,MarthaS.B.Smith-Caldas2,MichaelV.Driscoll1,SamySalhadar1,AlexanderW. Shingleton1,3 * 1DepartmentofZoology,MichiganStateUniversity,EastLansing,Michigan,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2DivisionofBiology,KansasStateUniversity,Manhattan,Kansas, UnitedStatesofAmerica,3BEACONCenterfortheStudyofEvolutioninAction,MichiganStateUniversity,EastLansing,Michigan,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Phenotypic plasticity, the ability for a single genotype to generate different phenotypes in response to environmental conditions,isbiologicallyubiquitous,andyetalmostnothingisknownofthedevelopmentalmechanismsthatregulatethe extentofaplasticresponse.Inparticular,itisunclearwhysometraitsorindividualsarehighlysensitivetoanenvironmental variablewhileothertraits orindividualsarelessso.Hereweelucidatethedevelopmental mechanismsthatregulatethe expressionofaparticularlyimportantformofphenotypicplasticity:theeffectofdevelopmentalnutritiononorgansize.In all animals, developmental nutrition is signaled to growing organs via the insulin-signaling pathway. Drosophila organs differintheirsizeresponsetodevelopmentalnutritionandthisreflectsdifferencesinorgan-specificinsulin-sensitivity.We showthatthisvariationininsulin-sensitivityisregulatedattheleveloftheforkheadtranscriptionfactorFOXO,anegative growth regulator that is activated when nutrition and insulin signaling are low. Individual organs appear to attenuate growthsuppressioninresponsetolownutritionthroughanorgan-specificreductioninFOXOexpression,therebyreducing theirnutritionalplasticity.WeshowthatFOXOexpressionisnecessarytomaintainorgan-specificdifferencesinnutritional- plasticityandinsulin-sensitivity,whileorgan-autonomouschangesinFOXOexpressionaresufficienttoautonomouslyalter anorgan’snutritional-plasticityandinsulin-sensitivity.Thesedataidentifyagene(FOXO)thatmodulatesaplasticresponse throughvariationinitsexpression.FOXOisrecognizedasakeyplayerintheresponseofsize,immunity,