From Art to Engineering The Rise of In Vivo Mammalian Electrophysiology via Genetically Targeted Labeling and Nonlinear Imaging 英文参考文献.docVIP

Open access, freely available online Essay From Art to Engineering? The Rise of In Vivo Mammalian Electrophysiology via Genetically Targeted Labeling and Nonlinear Imaging David Kleinfeld*, Oliver Griesbeck F or close to half a century, neurophysiologists have been able to record electrical signals from Table 1. XFP-Based Indicators Expressed and Tested in Transgenic Mice Indicator Usability a References the millions of individual neurons that compose even the smallest mammalian brain. Despite this long history, which has led to signi?cant strides toward understanding how neuronal activity translates into brain function, much of the way electrophysiological data is gathered is more of an art form than a science. Reproducibility, a cornerstone of scienti?c progress, hasn’t always been forthcoming when recording from individual neurons in the brain, largely because of the improbability or uncertainty that different investigators make their measurements from the same neurons or even the same select subpopulations of neurons. How does one put together the information about activity in single neurons that are recorded by different investigators in different ways? Further still, how does one combine this information with knowledge of the underlying circuitry to make sense of the ?ring patterns that underlie normal brain function? Progress will come largely from the ability to reproducibly record voltages, as well as other variables that de?ne physiological function, from identi?ed neuronal cell types. The ability to record from the same subpopulation of cells on a routine basis is the singular means to validate measurements Calmodulin-based Yellow Cameleon 3.60 + 27 [Ca ] sensor 2+ Yellow Cameleon 3.12 Camgaroo 2 ? 24,44,45 45–48 45,48,49 25,48 28 ++ ++ + Inverse pericam G-CaMP G-CaMP2 + Troponin C–based [Ca 2+ ] sensor (TN-L15) Evaluation in progress b 26 KA channel–based voltage sensor (FLaSH) XFP-based pH sensor Evaluation in progress c 50,51 21,22,53 52 Synapt