Food Quality Affects Secondary Consumers Even at Low Quantities An Experimental Test with Larval European Lobster 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Food Quality Affects Secondary Consumers Even at Low Quantities An Experimental Test with Larval European Lobster 英文参考文献.doc

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Food Quality Affects Secondary Consumers Even at Low Quantities An Experimental Test with Larval European Lobster 英文参考文献

FoodQualityAffectsSecondaryConsumersEvenatLow Quantities:AnExperimentalTestwithLarvalEuropean Lobster KatherinaL.Schoo1*,NicoleAberle1,ArneM.Malzahn1,2,MaartenBoersma1 1Alfred-Wegener-Institute forPolarandMarineBiology, Biologische AnstaltHelgoland, Helgoland, Germany, 2GKSSResearchCentre,Institute forCoastalResearch, Geesthacht,Germany Abstract Theissuesoffoodqualityandfoodquantityarecrucialfortrophicinteractions.Althoughmostresearchhasfocussedonthe primaryproducer–herbivorelink,recentstudieshaveshownthatqualityeffectsatthebottomofthefoodwebpropagate tohighertrophiclevels.Negativeeffectsofpoorfoodqualityhavealmostexclusivelybeendemonstratedathigherfood quantities.Whetherthesenegativeeffectshavethesameimpactatlowfoodavailabilityinsituationswherethemajorityif notalloftheresourcesarechannelledintoroutinemetabolism,isunderdebate.Inthisstudyatri-trophicfoodchainwas designed,consistingofthealgaeRhodomonassalina,thecopepodAcartiatonsaandfreshlyhatchedlarvaeoftheEuropean lobster Homarus gammarus. The lobster larvae were presented with food of two different qualities (C:P ratios) and four differentquantitiestoinvestigatethecombinedeffectsoffoodqualityandquantity.Ourresultsshowthatthequalityof food has an impact on the condition of lobster larvae even at very low food quantities. Food with a lower C:P content resultedinhigherconditionofthelobsterlarvaeregardlessofthequantityoffood.Theseinteractingeffectsoffoodquality andfoodquantitycanhavefarreachingconsequencesforecosystemproductivity. Citation:SchooKL,AberleN,MalzahnAM,BoersmaM(2012)FoodQualityAffectsSecondaryConsumersEvenatLowQuantities:AnExperimentalTestwith LarvalEuropeanLobster.PLoSONE7(3):e33550.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033550 Editor:HowardBrowman,InstituteofMarineResearch,Norway ReceivedNovember2,2011;AcceptedFebruary12,2012;PublishedMarch19,2012 Copyright: ? 2012 Schoo et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,di