From Bad to Good Fitness Reversals and the Ascent of Deleterious Mutations 英文参考文献.docVIP

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From Bad to Good Fitness Reversals and the Ascent of Deleterious Mutations 英文参考文献.doc

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From Bad to Good Fitness Reversals and the Ascent of Deleterious Mutations 英文参考文献

FromBadtoGood:FitnessReversals andtheAscentofDeleteriousMutations Matthew C.Cowperthwaite1*,J.J.Bull1,2,Lauren Ancel Meyers1,2,3 1TheInstituteforCellularandMolecularBiology,TheUniversityofTexasatAustin,Austin,Texas,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2SectionofIntegrativeBiology,TheUniversityof TexasatAustin,Austin,Texas,UnitedStatesofAmerica,3SantaFeInstitute,SantaFe,NewMexico,UnitedStatesofAmerica Deleteriousmutationsareconsideredamajorimpedimenttoadaptation,andtherearestraightforwardexpectations fortherateatwhichtheyaccumulateasafunctionofpopulationsizeandmutationrate.Inasimulationmodelofan evolvingpopulationofasexuallyreplicatingRNAmolecules,initiallydeleteriousmutationsaccumulatedatratesnearly equal to that of initially beneficial mutations, without impeding evolutionary progress. As the mutation rate was increasedwithinamoderaterange,deleteriousmutationaccumulationandmeanfitnessimprovementbothincreased. Thefixationrateswerehigherthanpredictedbymanypopulation-geneticmodels.Thisseeminglyparadoxicalresult was resolved in part by the observation that, during the time to fixation, the selection coefficient (s) of initially deleteriousmutationsreversedtoconferaselectiveadvantage.Significantly,morethanhalfofthefixationsofinitially deleteriousmutationsinvolvedfitnessreversals.Thesefitnessreversalshadasubstantialeffectonthetotalfitnessof thegenomeandthuscontributedtoitssuccessinthepopulation.Despitetherelativeimportanceoffitnessreversals, however,theprobabilitiesoffixationforbothinitiallybeneficialandinitiallydeleteriousmutationswereexceedingly small(ontheorderof10à5 ofallmutations). Citation:CowperthwaiteMC,BullJJ,MeyersLA(2006)Frombadtogood:Fitnessreversalsandtheascentofdeleteriousmutations.PLoSComputBiol2(10):e141.DOI:10. 1371/journal.pcbi.0020141 Metaphorically speaking, while ?xed deleterious mutations aregenerallyexpectedtobebad,theymaybesteppingstones Introduction Modern evolutionary theory recognizes that deleterious mutations may reduce ?tness and retard adaptation [