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From Theory to Practice Translating Research into Health Outcomes 英文参考文献.docVIP

From Theory to Practice Translating Research into Health Outcomes 英文参考文献.doc

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From Theory to Practice Translating Research into Health Outcomes 英文参考文献

Editorial From Theory to Practice: Translating Research into Health Outcomes The PLoS Medicine Editors A research article by Kay-Tee Khaw and colleagues in this issue of PLoS Medicine [1] quanti?es the bene?ts of adopting not just one but four healthy forms of behavior. Compared with people who do not engage in any of these behaviors, people in this United for Cancer Prevention” [2] based on an expert report [3], media reports subsequently described a less than enthusiastic public response [4–6]. But the ?nal essential step necessary for people to make healthy changes to their lifestyle based on research evidence has to come from society and governments providing the environment—in the widest sense—that enables such behavior change. Advice to stop smoking, for example, needs to be accompanied by an environment that encourages and enables smoking cessation. Observational studies [7] have shown that “smoke-free” legislation banning smoking in enclosed public spaces has had a clear effect on the health of bar workers in Scotland—more than any number of simple public health messages could have done. Similarly, a UK government report on obesity [8] goes beyond the simple exhortation to people to eat healthily. The report explores wider policy options aimed at addressing obesity, such as taxing obesity-promoting food, and implementing early interventions to promote better health at birth and in infancy. Weiser says, in an interview she gave to the Kaiser Family Foundation: “Overall what we are talking about here [are] people who had to make impossible choices. They had to make trade offs for instance…between dying now from starvation and potentially dying later from HIV.” [11] So publication of a paper is just the ?rst step in a complex set of processes that are needed to change behavior. We look forward to seeing whether policy makers will act upon Khaw’s ?ndings. But perhaps in the meantime it would be wise, for those of us who are able to do so, to make a few New

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