Functional Electrical Stimulation of Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles under Varying Loads in Exercising Horses 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Functional Electrical Stimulation of Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles under Varying Loads in Exercising Horses 英文参考文献.doc

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Functional Electrical Stimulation of Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles under Varying Loads in Exercising Horses 英文参考文献

FunctionalElectricalStimulationofIntrinsicLaryngeal MusclesunderVaryingLoadsinExercisingHorses JonCheetham1*,AbbyRegner1,JonathanC.Jarvis2,DavidPriest1,IraSanders3,LeoV.Soderholm1, LisaM.Mitchell1,NormG.Ducharme1 1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America, 2Institute for Ageing and Chronic Disease,UniversityofLiverpool,Liverpool,UnitedKingdom,3HackensackUniversityMedicalCenter,Hackensack,NewJersey,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Bilateralvocalfoldparalysis(BVCP)isalifethreateningconditionandappearstobeagoodcandidatefortherapyusing functionalelectricalstimulation(FES).DevelopingaworkingFESsystemhasbeentechnicallydifficultduetotheinaccessible location and small size of the sole arytenoid abductor, the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle. A naturally-occurring diseaseinhorsessharesmanyfunctionalandetiologicalfeatureswithBVCP.Inthisstudy,thefeasibilityofFESforequine vocal fold paralysis was explored by testing arytenoid abduction evoked by electrical stimulation of the PCA muscle. RheobaseandchronaxieweredeterminedforinnervatedPCAmuscle.Wethentestedthehypothesisthatdirectmuscle stimulationcanmaintainairwaypatencyduringstrenuousexerciseinhorseswithinducedtransientconductionblockofthe laryngealmotornerve.Sixadulthorseswereinstrumented withasinglebipolarintra-muscularelectrodeintheleftPCA muscle.Rheobaseandchronaxiewerewithinthenormalrangeforinnervatedmuscleat0.5560.38vand0.3860.19ms respectively.IntramuscularstimulationofthePCAmusclesignificantlyimprovedarytenoidabductionatalllevelsofexercise intensity and there was no significant difference between the level of abduction achieved with stimulation and control valuesundermoderateloads.Theequinelarynxmayprovideausefulmodelforthestudyofbilateralfoldparalysis. Citation:CheethamJ,RegnerA,JarvisJC,PriestD,SandersI,etal.(2011)FunctionalElectricalStimulationofIntrinsicLaryngealMusclesunderVaryingLoadsin ExercisingHorses.PLoSONE6(8):e24258