Gender Differences in Publication Output Towards an Unbiased Metric of Research Performance 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Gender Differences in Publication Output Towards an Unbiased Metric of Research Performance 英文参考文献.doc

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Gender Differences in Publication Output Towards an Unbiased Metric of Research Performance 英文参考文献

GenderDifferencesinPublicationOutput:Towardsan UnbiasedMetricofResearchPerformance MatthewR.E.Symonds1*,NeilJ.Gemmell2,TamsinL.Braisher3,KylieL.Gorringe4,MarkA.Elgar1 1Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 2School of Biological Science, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand,3LandcareResearch,Lincoln,NewZealand,4PeterMacCallumCancerCentre,Melbourne,Victoria,Australia Weexaminedthepublicationrecordsofacohortof168lifescientistsinthefieldofecologyandevolutionarybiologytoassess gender differences in research performance. Clear discrepancies in publication rate between men and women appear very earlyintheircareersandthishasconsequencesforthesubsequentcitationoftheirwork.Weshowthatarecentlyproposed indexdesignedtorankscientistsfairlyisinfactstronglybiasedagainstfemaleresearchers,andadvocateamodifiedindexto assessmenandwomenonamoreequitablebasis. Citation: Symonds MRE, Gemmell NJ, Braisher TL, Gorringe KL, Elgar MA (2006) Gender Differences in Publication Output: Towards an Unbiased MetricofResearchPerformance.PLoSONE1(1):e127.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000127 INTRODUCTION publications.Ifthishypothesisofqualityversusquantityiscorrect, thenitsuggeststhatweshouldassessscientificabilitybyincorpor- atingbothoftheseaspectsofresearchoutput. The causes of differences in gender representation within the hierarchicalstructureofacademicscienceremaincontentious.In 2005 the flames of this controversy were fanned by the widely reported comments of Lawrence Summers [1] who argued that few females had progressed to the higher levels of scientific academia due toageneral lackofan innate aptitude for science when compared to males, rather than the presence of any discrimination. This view has been strongly criticised by others [most recently Ben Barres in Nature, [2]], who argue that performance differences reflect discrimination against females, althoughsupportforthispositionisequivocalwithinvestigations into gender bias in funding applicati