Gene Regulation in Primates Evolves under Tissue-Specific Selection Pressures 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Gene Regulation in Primates Evolves under Tissue-Specific Selection Pressures 英文参考文献.doc

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Gene Regulation in Primates Evolves under Tissue-Specific Selection Pressures 英文参考文献

GeneRegulationinPrimatesEvolvesunderTissue- SpecificSelectionPressures RanBlekhman1.,AliciaOshlack2.,AdrienE.Chabot1,GordonK.Smyth2,YoavGilad1* 1DepartmentofHumanGenetics,UniversityofChicago,Chicago,Illinois,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2WalterandElizaHallInstituteofMedicalResearch,Parkville,Victoria, Australia Abstract Regulatory changes have long been hypothesized to play an important role in primate evolution. To identify adaptive regulatorychangesinhumans,weperformedagenome-widesurveyforgenesinwhichregulationhaslikelyevolvedunder naturalselection.Todoso,weusedamulti-speciesmicroarraytomeasuregeneexpressionlevelsinlivers,kidneys,and heartsfromsixhumans,chimpanzees,andrhesusmacaques.Thiscomparativegeneexpressiondataallowedustoidentifya largenumberofgenes,aswellasspecificpathways,whoseinter-speciesexpressionprofilesareconsistentwiththeaction ofstabilizingordirectionalselectionongeneregulation.Amongthelatterset,wefoundanenrichmentofgenesinvolvedin metabolicpathways,consistentwiththehypothesisthatshiftsindietunderliemanyregulatoryadaptationsinhumans.In addition,wefoundevidencefortissue-specificselectionpressures,aswellaslowerratesofproteinevolutionforgenesin which regulation evolves under natural selection. These observations are consistent with the notion that adaptive circumscribedchangesingeneregulationhavefewerdeleteriouspleiotropiceffectscomparedwithchangesattheprotein sequencelevel. Citation: Blekhman R, Oshlack A, Chabot AE, Smyth GK, Gilad Y (2008) Gene Regulation in Primates Evolves under Tissue-Specific Selection Pressures. PLoS Genet4(11):e1000271.doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000271 Editor:GilMcVean,UniversityofOxford,UnitedKingdom ReceivedJune25,2008;AcceptedOctober17,2008;PublishedNovember21,2008 Copyright: ? 2008 Blekhman et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding:Thisworkw