Genetic Patterns of Paternity and Testes Size in Mammals 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Genetic Patterns of Paternity and Testes Size in Mammals 英文参考文献.doc

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Genetic Patterns of Paternity and Testes Size in Mammals 英文参考文献

GeneticPatternsofPaternityandTestesSizein Mammals CarlD.Soulsbury* SchoolofBiologicalScience,UniversityofBristol,Bristol,UnitedKingdom Abstract Background: Testes size is used as a proxy of male intrasexual competition, with larger testes indicative of greater competition.Ithasbeenshownthatinsometaxa,socialmatingsystemsreflectvarianceintestessize,butresultsarenot consistent,andinsteadithasbeensuggestedthatgeneticpatternsofmatingmayreflecttestessize.However,thereare differentmeasuresofgeneticpatternsofmating.Multiplepaternityratesarethemostwidelyusedmeasurebutarelimited tospeciesthatproducemulti-offspringlitters,so,atleastforgrouplivingspecies,othermeasuressuchaslossofpaternity tomalesoutsidethesocialgroup(extragrouppaternity)ortheproportionofoffspringsiredbythedominantmale(alpha paternity) mightbe appropriate. This study examinestherelationship between testes size andthreegenetic patterns of mating:multiplepaternity,extragrouppaternityandalphapaternity. Methodology/Principal Findings: Using data from mammals, phylogenetically corrected general linear models demonstratethatbothmultiplepaternityandalphapaternity,butnotextragrouppaternity,relatetotestessize.Testes sizeisgreaterinspecieswithhighmultiplepaternityrates,whereastheconverseisfoundforalphapaternity.Additionally, lengthofmatingseason,ovulationmodeandlittersizesignificantlyinfluencedtestessizeinonemodel. Conclusions/Significance:Theseresultsdemonstratethatpatternsofmating(multiplepaternityandalphapaternityrates) determinedbygeneticanalysiscanprovidereliableindicatorsofmalepostcopulatoryintrasexualcompetition(testessize), andthatothervariables(lengthofmatingseason,ovulationmode,littersize)mayalsobeimportant. Citation:SoulsburyCD(2010)GeneticPatternsofPaternityandTestesSizeinMammals.PLoSONE5(3):e9581.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009581 Editor:AnnaDornhaus,UniversityofArizona,UnitedStatesofAmerica ReceivedAugust3,2009;AcceptedFebruary12,2010;PublishedMarch8,2010 Copyright:?2010CarlD.Soulsbury.Thisisanopen-accessar