限定性和非限定性精要.ppt

* 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句： ① 限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、确定的作用，是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，作为先行词的名词或名词词组便不能明确表示其所指对象，主句的意思就会不完整，不明确或不合逻辑。这种定语从句和主句之间不能用逗号隔开。如： There are many plays (that) I’d like to see. 有很多话剧我想看。 This is the place where Tom was born. A man who doesnt try to learn from others can’t hope to succeed. 一个不向别人学习的人是不能取得成 功的。 He is the man who told me the news. 他就是那个告诉我消息的人。 如果这样的定语从句被拿掉了，剩下的部 分就会失去意义不能成立，或意思不清楚， 不说明问题。 ② 非限制性定语从句和先行词关系松散，只是对先行词作附加说明，如果省去，并不影响先行词的所指意义，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。这种定语从句和主句之间须用逗号隔开。如： a. Abraham Lincoln, who led the United States through these years, was murdered on April 14, 1865. b. Dinner starts with a small dish, which is often called a starter. He sent a special governor, a man named Gessler, who would rule with a firm hand. c. The chairman’s daughter, whose name is Ann, gave me a smile. d. Soon they arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy. e. They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves. f. I’m seeing the boss tomorrow, when he will be back from New York. 注意: (1)why 不能引导非限制性定语从 句。 (3)在非限制性定语从句中，which 的现行项还可以是前面的整个句子。 (2)引导非限制性定语从句的关系代 词不可用that，指人时用who(主语), whom(宾语)，指物时须用which. He tried to stand on his hands for 5 minutes, which is quite difficult to do. (4)在非限制性定语从句中，关系词 不能省略。如： Tom is not the boy (who) I gave the tickets to. I’m sure you know Tom, who I have worked with for two years. The village where I was born is beautiful. There are many villages and the village where I was born is beautiful. The village, where I was born, is beautiful. I have a brother who is a driver. I have a brother, who is a driver. Chongqing, where I was born, is beautiful. John, who speaks French, works there. I who like beautiful places like travalling. （4）只能用which不能用that的情况 ①引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整 个句子时。如： a. Bruce went toward the fire, which was still smoking. b.