Marine Ostracod Provinciality in the Late Ordovician of Palaeocontinental Laurentia and Its Environmental and Geographical Expression 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Marine Ostracod Provinciality in the Late Ordovician of Palaeocontinental Laurentia and Its Environmental and Geographical Expression 英文参考文献.doc

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Marine Ostracod Provinciality in the Late Ordovician of Palaeocontinental Laurentia and Its Environmental and Geographical Expression 英文参考文献

MarineOstracodProvincialityintheLateOrdovicianof PalaeocontinentalLaurentiaandItsEnvironmentaland GeographicalExpression MohibullahMohibullah1,2*,MarkWilliams1,ThijsR.A.Vandenbroucke3,KoenSabbe4,JanA.Zalasiewicz1 1Department of Geology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom, 2Department of Geology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan, 3Ge′osyste`mes, Universite′ Lille1,Lille,France,4ProtistologyandAquaticEcology,DepartmentofBiology,GhentUniversity,Ghent,Belgium Abstract Background: We examine the environmental, climatic andgeographical controlson tropical ostracod distribution in the marineOrdovicianofNorthAmerica. Methodology/Principal Findings: Analysis of the inter-regional distribution patterns of Ordovician Laurentian ostracods, focussingparticularlyonthediverseLateOrdovicianSandbian(ca461to456Ma)faunas,demonstratesstrongendemicity atthespecies-level.Localendemismisverypronounced,rangingfrom25%(e.g.Foxebasin)to75%(e.g.Michiganbasin)in eachbasin,apatternthatisalsoreflectedinotherbenthicfaunassuchasbrachiopods.Multivariate(ordination)analysesof theostracodfaunasallowdemarcationofaMidcontinentProvinceandasouthernMarginalProvinceinLaurentia.While these are most clearly differentiated at the stratigraphical level of the bicornis graptolite biozone, analyses of the entire datasetsuggestthattheseprovincesremaindistinctthroughouttheSandbianinterval.Differencesinspeciescomposition betweentheprovincesappeartohavebeencontrolledbychangesinphysicalparameters(e.g.temperatureandsalinity) relatedtowaterdepthandlatitudeandapossibleregionalgeographicbarrier,andthesedifferencespersistintotheKatian andpossiblytheHirnantian.Localenvironmentalparameters,perhapsoperatingatthemicrohabitatscale,mayhavebeen significantindrivinglocalspeciationeventsfromancestorspeciesineachregion. Conclusions/Significance: Our work establishes a refined methodology for assessing marine benthic arthropod micro- benthosprovincialityfortheEarlyPalaeozoic. Citation: Mohibullah M, Willi