Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury Causes Acute Dendritic and Synaptic Degeneration in the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury Causes Acute Dendritic and Synaptic Degeneration in the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus 英文参考文献.doc

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Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury Causes Acute Dendritic and Synaptic Degeneration in the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus 英文参考文献

ModerateTraumaticBrainInjuryCausesAcuteDendritic andSynapticDegenerationintheHippocampalDentate Gyrus XiangGao1,PingDeng2,ZaoC.Xu1,JinhuiChen1* 1Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America, 2DepartmentofAnatomyandCellBiology,IndianaUniversitySchoolofMedicine,Indianapolis,Indiana,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Hippocampal injury-associated learning and memory deficits are frequent hallmarks of brain trauma and are the most enduringanddevastatingconsequencesfollowingtraumaticbraininjury(TBI).Severalreports,includingourrecentpaper, showed that TBI brought on by a moderate level of controlled cortical impact (CCI) induces immature newborn neuron deathinthehippocampaldentategyrus.Incontrast,themajorityofmatureneuronsarespared.Lessresearchhasbeen focused on these spared neurons, which may also be injured or compromised by TBI. Here we examined the dendrite morphologies,dendriticspines,andsynapticstructuresusingageneticapproachincombinationwithimmunohistochem- istry and Golgi staining. We found that although most of the mature granular neurons were spared following TBI at a moderate level of impact, they exhibited dramatic dendritic beading and fragmentation, decreased number of dendritic branches,andalowerdensityofdendriticspines,particularlythemushroom-shapedmaturespines.Furtherstudiesshowed that the density of synapses in the molecular layer of the hippocampal dentate gyrus was significantly reduced. The electrophysiologicalactivityofneuronswasimpairedaswell.TheseresultsindicatethatTBInotonlyinducescelldeathin immaturegranularneurons,italsocausessignificantdendriticandsynapticdegenerationinpathohistology.TBIalsoimpairs the function of the spared mature granular neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. These observations point to a potentialanatomicsubstratetoexplain,inpart,thedevelopmentofposttraumaticmemorydeficits.Theyalsoindicatethat dendriticdamagei