Nme Gene Family Evolutionary History Reveals Pre-Metazoan Origins and High Conservation between Humans and the Sea Anemone, Nematostella vectensis 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Nme Gene Family Evolutionary History Reveals Pre-Metazoan Origins and High Conservation between Humans and the Sea Anemone, Nematostella vectensis 英文参考文献.doc

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Nme Gene Family Evolutionary History Reveals Pre-Metazoan Origins and High Conservation between Humans and the Sea Anemone, Nematostella vectensis 英文参考文献

NmeGeneFamilyEvolutionaryHistoryRevealsPre- MetazoanOriginsandHighConservationbetween HumansandtheSeaAnemone,Nematostellavectensis ThomasDesvignes1,2,PierrePontarotti3,JulienBobe1* 1UMR 6632/IFR48, Universite′ de Provence Aix Marseille 1/CNRS, F-13000, Marseille, France, 2IFREMER, LALR, F-34250, Palavas les flots, France, 3UMR 6632/IFR48, Universite′ deProvenceAixMarseille1/CNRS,F-13000,Marseille,France Abstract Background: The Nme gene family is involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes such as cellular differentiation,development,metastaticdissemination,andciliafunctions.DespitetheknownimportanceofNmegenes andtheiruseasclinicalmarkersoftumoraggressiveness,theassociatedcellularmechanismsremainpoorlyunderstood. Overthelast20years,severalnon-vertebratemodelspecieshavebeenusedtoinvestigateNmefunctions.However,the evolutionaryhistoryofthefamilyremainspoorlyunderstoodoutsidethevertebratelineage.Theaimofthestudywasthus toelucidatetheevolutionaryhistoryoftheNmegenefamilyinMetazoans. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:Usingatotalof21eukaryotespeciesincluding14metazoans,theevolutionaryhistoryof Nme genes was reconstructed in the metazoan lineage. We demonstrated that the complexity of the Nme gene family, initially thought to be restricted to chordates, was also shared by the metazoan ancestor. We also provide evidence suggestingthatthecomplexityofthefamilyismainlyaeukaryoticinnovation,withtheexceptionofNme8thatislikelyto beachoanoflagellate/metazoaninnovation.Highlyconservedgenestructure,genomiclinkage,andproteindomainswere identifiedamongmetazoans,somefeaturesbeingalsoconservedineukaryotes.WhenconsideringtheentireNmefamily, thestarletseaanemoneisthestudiedmetazoanspeciesexhibitingthemostconservedgeneandproteinsequencefeatures withhumans.Inaddition,wewereabletoshowthatmostoftheproteinsknowntointeractwithhumanNMEproteinswere alsofoundinstarletseaanemone. Conclusion/Significance: Together, our observations further support the association of Nme genes with ke