On the Evolution of the Standard Genetic Code Vestiges of Critical Scale Invariance from the RNA World in Current Prokaryote Genomes 英文参考文献.docVIP

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On the Evolution of the Standard Genetic Code Vestiges of Critical Scale Invariance from the RNA World in Current Prokaryote Genomes 英文参考文献.doc

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On the Evolution of the Standard Genetic Code Vestiges of Critical Scale Invariance from the RNA World in Current Prokaryote Genomes 英文参考文献

OntheEvolutionoftheStandardGeneticCode:Vestiges ofCriticalScaleInvariancefromtheRNAWorldin CurrentProkaryoteGenomes MarcoV.Jose′1*,TzipeGovezensky1,Jose′ A.Garc?′a1,2,JuanR.Bobadilla1 1TheoreticalBiologyGroup,InstitutodeInvestigacionesBiome′dicas,UniversidadNacionalAuto′nomadeMe′xico,Me′xico D.F.,Me′xico,2DepartmentofPreventiveand SocialMedicine,UniversityofOtago,Dunedin,NewZealand Abstract HereintwogeneticcodesfromwhichtheprimevalRNAcodecouldhaveoriginatedthestandardgeneticcode(SGC)are derived.Oneofthem,calledextendedRNAcodetypeI,consistsofallcodonsofthetypeRNY(purine-anybase-pyrimidine) pluscodonsobtainedbyconsideringtheRNAcodebutinthesecond(NYRtype)andthird(YRNtype)readingframes.The extendedRNAcodetypeII,comprisesallcodonsofthetypeRNYpluscodonsthatarisefromtransversionsoftheRNAcode inthefirst(YNYtype)andthird(RNR)nucleotidebases.InordertotestifputativenucleotidesequencesintheRNAWorld and in both extended RNA codes, share the same scaling and statistical properties to those encountered in current prokaryotes,weusedthegenomesoffourEubacteriaandthreeArchaeas.Foreachprokaryote,weobtainedtheirrespective genomesobeyingtheRNAcodeortheextendedRNAcodestypesIandII.Ineachcase,weestimatedthescalingproperties oftripletsequencesviaarenormalizationgroupapproach,andwecalculatedthefrequencydistributionsofdistancesfor eachcodon.Remarkably,thescalingpropertiesofthedistanceseriesofsomecodonsfromtheRNAcodeandmostcodons frombothextendedRNAcodesturnedouttobeidenticalorveryclosetothescalingpropertiesofcodonsoftheSGC.To testfortherobustnessoftheseresults,weshow,viacomputersimulationexperiments,thatrandommutationsofcurrent genomes,attheratesof10210persiteperyearduringthreebillionsofyears,werenotenoughfordestroyingtheobserved patterns.Therefore,weconcludethatmostcurrentprokaryotesmaystillcontainrelicsoftheprimevalRNAWorldandthat bothextendedRNAcodesmaywellrepresenttwoplausibleevolutionarypathsbetweentheRNAcodeandthecurrentSGC. Citation:Jose′MV,GovezenskyT,Garc?′aJA,BobadillaJR(