Opuntia in México Identifying Priority Areas for Conserving Biodiversity in a Multi-Use Landscape 英文参考文献.docVIP

OpuntiainMe′xico:IdentifyingPriorityAreasfor ConservingBiodiversityinaMulti-UseLandscape PatriciaIlloldi-Rangel1*,MichaelCiarleglio1,LeiaSheinvar2,MiguelLinaje3,VictorSa′nchez-Cordero3, SahotraSarkar1,4 1Biodiversity and Biocultural Conservation Laboratory, Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, United States of America, 2Jard?′n Bota′nico Exterior,InstitutodeBiolog?′a,UniversidadNacionalAuto′nomadeMe′xico,Coyoaca′n,Me′xicoD.F.,3LaboratoriodeSistemasdeInformacio′nGeogra′fica,Departamentode Zoolog?′a,Instituto deBiolog?′a,UniversidadNacional Auto′nomadeMe′xico,CircuitoExterior, Coyoaca′n, Me′xico D.F.,4Department ofPhilosophy, University ofTexas, Austin,Texas,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background: Me′xico is one of the world’s centers of species diversity (richness) for Opuntia cacti. Yet, in spite of their economicandecologicalimportance,OpuntiaspeciesremainpoorlystudiedandprotectedinMe′xico. Manyofthespecies are sparsely but widely distributed across the landscape and are subject to a variety of human uses, so devising implementableconservationplansforthempresentsformidabledifficulties.Multi–criteriaanalysiscanbeusedtodesigna spatiallycoherentconservationareanetworkwhilepermittingsustainablehumanusage. Methods and Findings: Species distribution models were created for 60 Opuntia species using MaxEnt. Targets of representationwithinconservationareanetworkswereassignedat100%forthegeographicallyrarestspeciesand10%for themostcommonones.Threedifferentconservationplansweredevelopedtorepresentthespecieswithinthesenetworks usingtotalarea,shape,andconnectivityasrelevantcriteria.Multi–criteriaanalysisandametaheuristicadaptivetabusearch algorithmwereusedtosearchforoptimalsolutions.TheplanswerebuiltontheexistingprotectedareasofMe′xico and prioritizedadditionalareasformanagementforthepersistenceofOpuntiaspecies.Allplansrequiredaroundone–thirdof Me′xico’s total area to be prioritized for attention for Opuntia conservation, un