Overtime Work as a Predictor of Major Depressive Episode A 5-Year Follow-Up of the Whitehall II Study 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Overtime Work as a Predictor of Major Depressive Episode A 5-Year Follow-Up of the Whitehall II Study 英文参考文献.doc

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Overtime Work as a Predictor of Major Depressive Episode A 5-Year Follow-Up of the Whitehall II Study 英文参考文献

OvertimeWorkasaPredictorofMajorDepressive Episode:A5-YearFollow-UpoftheWhitehallIIStudy MariannaVirtanen1*,StephenA.Stansfeld2,RebeccaFuhrer3,JaneE.Ferrie4,5,MikaKivima¨ki4 1Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland, 2Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom, 3DepartmentofEpidemiology,BiostatisticsandOccupationalHealth,McGillUniversity,Montreal,Canada,4DepartmentofEpidemiologyandPublicHealth,University CollegeLondon,London,UnitedKingdom,5SchoolofCommunityandSocialMedicine,UniversityofBristol,Bristol,UnitedKingdom Abstract Background:Theassociationbetweenovertimeworkanddepressionisstillunclear.Thisstudyexaminedtheassociation betweenovertimeworkandtheonsetofamajordepressiveepisode(MDE). Methodology/Principal Findings: Prospective cohort study withabaseline examinationofworking hours, psychological morbidity (an indicator of baseline depression) and depression risk factors in 1991–1993 and a follow-up of major depressiveepisodein1997–1999(meanfollow-up5.8years)amongBritishcivilservants(theWhitehallIIstudy;1626men, 497 women, mean age 47 years at baseline). Onset of 12-month MDE was assessed by the Composite International DiagnosticInterview(CIDI)atfollow-up.Inprospectiveanalysisofparticipantswithnopsychologicalmorbidityatbaseline, theoddsratioforasubsequentmajordepressiveepisodewas2.43(95%confidenceinterval1.11to5.30)timeshigherfor thoseworking11+hoursadaycomparedtoemployeesworking7–8hoursaday,whenadjustedforsocio-demographic factorsatbaseline.Furtheradjustmentforchronicphysicaldisease,smoking,alcoholuse,jobstrainandwork-relatedsocial supporthadlittleeffectonthisassociation(oddsratio2.52;95%confidenceinterval1.12to5.65). Conclusions/Significance: Data from middle-aged civil servants suggest that working long hours of overtime may predisposetomajordepressiveepisodes. Citation:VirtanenM,StansfeldSA,FuhrerR,FerrieJE,Kivima¨ki M(2012)OvertimeWorkasaPredictorofMajorDepressiveEpisode:A5-YearFoll