Paleoamerican Diet, Migration and Morphology in Brazil Archaeological Complexity of the Earliest Americans 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Paleoamerican Diet, Migration and Morphology in Brazil Archaeological Complexity of the Earliest Americans 英文参考文献.doc

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Paleoamerican Diet, Migration and Morphology in Brazil Archaeological Complexity of the Earliest Americans 英文参考文献

PaleoamericanDiet,MigrationandMorphologyinBrazil: ArchaeologicalComplexityoftheEarliestAmericans SabineEggers1,MariaParks2,GiselaGrupe3,KarlJ.Reinhard4* 1Laborato′riodeAntropologiaBiolo′gica,DepartamentodeGene′ticaeBiologiaEvolutiva,UniversidadedeSa?oPaulo,InstitutodeBiocie?nciasdaUSP,Sa?oPaulo,SP,Brazil, 2Anthropology Department, Texas AM University, College Station, Texas, United States of America, 3Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Graduate School Life ScienceMunich,Planegg-Martinsried,Germany,4SchoolofNaturalResources,UniversityofNebraska–Lincoln,Lincoln,Nebraska,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract DuringtheearlyHolocenetwomainpaleoamericanculturesthrivedinBrazil:theTradic?a?o Nordesteinthesemi-desertic Serta?o and the Tradic?a?o Itaparica in the high plains of the Planalto Central. Here we report on paleodietary singals of a Paleoamerican found in a third Brazilian ecological setting – a riverine shellmound, or sambaqui, located in the Atlantic forest.Mostsambaquisarefoundalongthecoast.Thepeoplesassociatedwiththemsubsistedonmarineresources.Weare reportingadifferentsituationfromtheoldestrecordedriverinesambaqui,calledCapelinha.Capelinhaisarelativelysmall sambaqui established along a river 60km from the Atlantic Ocean coast. It contained the well-preserved remains of a Paleoamerican known as Luzio dated to 9,9456235 years ago; the oldest sambaqui dweller so far. Luzio’s bones were remarkablywellpreservedandallowedforstableisotopicanalysisofdiet.Althoughartifactsfoundatthisriverinesiteshow connectionswiththeAtlanticcoast,weshowthatherepresentsapopulationthatwasdependentoninlandresourcesas opposedtomarinecoastalresources.AftercomparingLuzio’spaleodietarydatawiththatofotherextantandprehistoric groups,wediscusswherehisgroupcouldhavecomefrom,ifterrestrialdietpersistedinriverinesambaquisandhowLuzio fitswithinthediscussionofthereplacementofpaleamericanbyamerindianmorphology.Thisstudyaddstotheevidence thatshowsagreatercomplexityintheprehistoryofthecolonizationofand