Parallel Explicit and Implicit Control of Reaching 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Parallel Explicit and Implicit Control of Reaching 英文参考文献.doc

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Parallel Explicit and Implicit Control of Reaching 英文参考文献

ParallelExplicitandImplicitControlofReaching PietroMazzoni1*,NancyS.Wexler1,2,3 1Motor Performance Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America, 2Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry,ColumbiaUniversity,NewYork,NewYork,UnitedStatesofAmerica,3HereditaryDiseaseFoundation,NewYork,NewYork,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background: Human movement can be guided automatically (implicit control) or attentively (explicit control). Explicit controlmaybeengagedwhenlearninganewmovement,whileimplicitcontrolenablessimultaneousexecutionofmultiple actions.Explicitandimplicitcontrolcanoftenbeassignedarbitrarily:wecansimultaneouslydriveacarandtunetheradio, seamlesslyallocatingimplicitorexplicitcontroltoeitheraction.Thisflexibilitysuggeststhatsensorimotorsignals,including those that encode spatially overlapping perception and behavior, can be accurately segregated to explicit and implicit controlprocesses. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:Wetestedhumansubjects’abilitytosegregatesensorimotorsignalstoparallelcontrol processes by requiring dual (explicit and implicit) control of the same reaching movement and testing for interference betweentheseprocesses.Healthycontrolsubjectswereabletoengagedualexplicitandimplicitmotorcontrolwithout degradationofperformancecomparedtoexplicitorimplicitcontrolalone.Wethenaskedwhethersegregationofexplicit andimplicitmotorcontrolcanbeselectivelydisruptedbystudyingdual-controlperformanceinsubjectswithnoclinically manifest neurologic deficits in the presymptomatic stage of Huntington’s disease (HD). These subjects performed successfullyundereitherexplicitorimplicitcontrolalone,butwereimpairedinthedual-controlcondition. Conclusion/Significance: The human nervous system can exert dual control on a single action, and is therefore able to accuratelysegregatesensorimotorsignalstoexplicitandimplicitcontrol.Theimpairmentobservedinthepresymptomatic stageofHDpointstoapossiblecrucialcontributionofthestriatumto