Pharmacoenvironmentology – a component of pharmacovigilance 英文参考文献.docVIP

Environmental Health BioMedCentral Commentary Open Access Pharmacoenvironmentology – a component of pharmacovigilance Syed Ziaur Rahman*, Rahat Ali Khan, Varun Gupta and Misbah Uddin Address: Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India Email: Syed Ziaur Rahman* - ibnsinaacademy@; Rahat Ali Khan - drrakhan@yahoo.co.in; Varun Gupta - varunppgupta@; Misbah Uddin - drmisbah98@ * Corresponding author Published: 24 July 2007 Received: 5 April 2007 Accepted: 24 July 2007 Environmental Health 2007, 6:20 doi:10.1186/1476-069X-6-20 This article is available from: /content/6/1/20 ? 2007 Rahman et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract According to WHO, Pharmacovigilance activities are done to monitor detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of any obnoxious adverse reactions to drugs at therapeutic concentration on animal and human beings. However, there is also a growing focus among scientists and environmentalists about the impact of drugs on environment and surroundings. The existing term Ecopharmacology is too broad and not even defined in a clear manner. The term Pharmacoenvironmentology seeks to deal with the environmental impact of drugs given to humans and animals at therapeutic doses. Background engines, but also with pharmaceutical chemicals. These pharmaceuticals enter into the environment through var- ious routes causing harmful effects. With growing technological advances, newer and more effective drugs are being manufactured and are used on an ever-growing scale for people with various medical condi- tions. Pharmacovigilance activities are done to monito