Polyparasitism Is Associated with Increased Disease Severity in Toxoplasma gondii-Infected Marine Sentinel Species 英文参考文献.docVIP

下载本文档

1
0
约7.27万字
约 13页
2017-05-12 发布于上海
举报
版权申诉

Polyparasitism Is Associated with Increased Disease Severity in Toxoplasma gondii-Infected Marine Sentinel Species 英文参考文献.doc

1、本文档共13页，可阅读全部内容。
2、原创力文档（book118）网站文档一经付费（服务费），不意味着购买了该文档的版权，仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用，不得用于商业用途，未经授权，严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等，侵权必究。
3、本站所有内容均由合作方或网友上传，本站不对文档的完整性、权威性及其观点立场正确性做任何保证或承诺！文档内容仅供研究参考，付费前请自行鉴别。如您付费，意味着您自己接受本站规则且自行承担风险，本站不退款、不进行额外附加服务；查看《如何避免下载的几个坑》。如果您已付费下载过本站文档，您可以点击这里二次下载。
4、如文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等，请点击“版权申诉”（推荐），也可以打举报电话：400-050-0827(电话支持时间：9:00-18:30)。
5、该文档为VIP文档，如果想要下载，成为VIP会员后，下载免费。
6、成为VIP后，下载本文档将扣除1次下载权益。下载后，不支持退款、换文档。如有疑问请联系我们。
7、成为VIP后，您将拥有八大权益，权益包括：VIP文档下载权益、阅读免打扰、文档格式转换、高级专利检索、专属身份标志、高级客服、多端互通、版权登记。
8、VIP文档为合作方或网友上传，每下载1次，网站将根据用户上传文档的质量评分、类型等，对文档贡献者给予高额补贴、流量扶持。如果你也想贡献VIP文档。上传文档

Polyparasitism Is Associated with Increased Disease Severity in Toxoplasma gondii-Infected Marine Sentinel Species 英文参考文献

PolyparasitismIsAssociatedwithIncreasedDisease SeverityinToxoplasmagondii-InfectedMarineSentinel Species AmandaK.Gibson1,StephenRaverty2,3,DyannaM.Lambourn4,JessicaHuggins5,SpencerL.Magargal1, MichaelE.Grigg1* 1LaboratoryofParasiticDiseases,NationalInstitutesofHealth,NationalInstituteofAllergyandInfectiousDiseases(NIAID),Bethesda,Maryland,UnitedStatesofAmerica, 2AnimalHealthCentre,MinistryofAgricultureandFood,Abbotsford,BritishColumbia,Canada,3MarineMammalResearchUnit,FisheriesCentre,AquaticEcosystems ResearchLaboratory(AERL),UniversityofBritishColumbia,Vancouver,BritishColumbia,Canada,4WashingtonDepartmentofFishandWildlife,Lakewood,Washington, UnitedStatesofAmerica,5CascadiaResearchCollective,Olympia,Washington,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract In1995,oneofthelargestoutbreaksofhumantoxoplasmosisoccurredinthePacificNorthwestregionofNorthAmerica. Genetic typing identified a novel Toxoplasma gondii strain linked to the outbreak, in which a wide spectrum of human diseasewasobserved.Forthisglobally-distributed,water-bornezoonosis,straintypeisonevariableinfluencingdisease,but theinabilityofstraintypetoconsistentlyexplainvariationsindiseaseseveritysuggeststhatparasitegenotypealonedoes not determine the outcome of infection. We investigated polyparasitism (infection with multiple parasite species) as a modulatorofdiseaseseveritybyexaminingtheassociationofconcomitantinfectionofT.gondiiandtherelatedparasite SarcocystisneuronawithprotozoaldiseaseinwildmarinemammalsfromthePacificNorthwest.Thesehostsostensiblyserve as sentinels for the detection of terrestrial parasites implicated in water-borne epidemics of humans and wildlife in this endemic region. Marine mammals (151 stranded and 10 healthy individuals) sampled over 6 years were assessed for protozoalinfectionusingmulti-locusPCR-DNAsequencingdirectlyfromhosttissues.Geneticanalysesuncoveredahigh prevalence and diversity of protozoa, with 147/161 (91%) of our sampled population infected. From 2004 to 2009, the relative frequen