Preserved Self-Awareness following Extensive Bilateral Brain Damage to the Insula, Anterior Cingulate, and Medial Prefrontal Cortices 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Preserved Self-Awareness following Extensive Bilateral Brain Damage to the Insula, Anterior Cingulate, and Medial Prefrontal Cortices 英文参考文献.doc

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Preserved Self-Awareness following Extensive Bilateral Brain Damage to the Insula, Anterior Cingulate, and Medial Prefrontal Cortices 英文参考文献

PreservedSelf-AwarenessfollowingExtensiveBilateral BrainDamagetotheInsula,AnteriorCingulate,and MedialPrefrontalCortices CarissaL.Philippi1.,JustinS.Feinstein1*.,SahibS.Khalsa2,AntonioDamasio3,DanielTranel1, GregoryLandini4,KennethWilliford5,DavidRudrauf1*. 1DivisionofBehavioralNeurologyandCognitiveNeuroscience,DepartmentofNeurology,UniversityofIowa,IowaCity,Iowa,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2SemelInstitute forNeuroscienceandHumanBehavior,UniversityofCaliforniaLosAngeles,LosAngeles,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica,3BrainandCreativityInstituteandDornsife CognitiveNeuroscienceImagingCenter,UniversityofSouthernCalifornia,LosAngeles,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica,4DepartmentofPhilosophy,Universityof Iowa,IowaCity,Iowa,UnitedStatesofAmerica,5DepartmentofPhilosophy,UniversityofTexasArlington,Arlington,Texas,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract It has been proposed that self-awareness (SA), a multifaceted phenomenon central to human consciousness, depends criticallyonspecificbrainregions,namelytheinsularcortex,theanteriorcingulatecortex(ACC),andthemedialprefrontal cortex(mPFC).SuchaproposalpredictsthatdamagetotheseregionsshoulddisruptorevenabolishSA.Wetestedthis predictioninarareneurologicalpatientwithextensivebilateralbraindamageencompassingtheinsula,ACC,mPFC,andthe medial temporal lobes. In spite of severe amnesia, which partially affected his ‘‘autobiographical self’’, the patient’s SA remainedfundamentallyintact.HisCoreSA,includingbasicself-recognitionandsenseofself-agency,waspreserved.His Extended SA and Introspective SA were also largely intact, as he has a stable self-concept and intact higher-order metacognitiveabilities.Theresultssuggestthattheinsularcortex,ACCandmPFCarenotrequiredformostaspectsofSA. OurfindingsarecompatiblewiththehypothesisthatSAislikelytoemergefrommoredistributedinteractionsamongbrain networksincludingthoseinthebrainstem,thalamus,andposteromedialcortices. Citation:PhilippiCL,FeinsteinJS,KhalsaSS,DamasioA,TranelD,etal.(2012)PreservedSelf-Awarenessfollowin