Profound Olfactory Dysfunction in Myasthenia Gravis 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Profound Olfactory Dysfunction in Myasthenia Gravis 英文参考文献.doc

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Profound Olfactory Dysfunction in Myasthenia Gravis 英文参考文献

ProfoundOlfactoryDysfunctioninMyastheniaGravis FidiasE.Leon-Sarmiento1,2,3*,EdgardoA.Bayona4,JaimeBayona-Prieto5,AllenOsman1,2, RichardL.Doty1,2 1Smell and Taste Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, 2Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, 3MedicienciasResearchGroup,IPSRamonandCajal/UniversidadNacional,Bogota,Colombia,4LaboratoriodeNeurocienciasClinicasyFuncionales,N,Bogota, Colombia,5GrupoCirineo-Neurorehabilitacion,Bucaramanga,Colombia Abstract In this study we demonstrate that myasthenia gravis, an autoimmune disease strongly identified with deficient acetylcholine receptor transmission at the post-synaptic neuromuscular junction, is accompanied by a profound loss of olfactory function. Twenty-seven MG patients, 27 matched healthy controls, and 11 patients with polymiositis, a disease with peripheral neuromuscular symptoms analogous to myasthenia gravis with no known central nervous system involvement, were tested. All were administered the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) and the PictureIdentificationTest(PIT),atestanalogousincontentandformtotheUPSITdesignedtocontrolfornon-olfactory cognitiveconfounds.TheUPSITscoresofthemyastheniagravispatientsweremarkedlylowerthanthoseoftheage-and sex-matched normal controls [respective means (SDs)=20.15 (6.40) 35.67 (4.95); p,0.0001], as well as those of the polymiositispatientswhoscoredslightlybelowthenormalrange[33.30(1.42);p,0.0001].Thelatterfinding,alongwith directmonitoringoftheinhalationofthepatientsduringtesting,impliesthattheMG-relatedolfactorydeficitisunlikelydue todifficultiessniffing,perse.AllPITscoreswerewithinornearthenormalrange,althoughsubtledeficitswereapparentin boththeMGandPMpatients,conceivably reflectinginfluencesofmildcognitiveimpairment.Norelationshipsbetween per