Promoting the understanding of sex differences to enhance equity and excellence in biomedical science 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Promoting the understanding of sex differences to enhance equity and excellence in biomedical science 英文参考文献.doc

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Promoting the understanding of sex differences to enhance equity and excellence in biomedical science 英文参考文献

ArnoldBiologyofSexDifferences2010,1:1 /content/1/1/1 EDITORIAL OpenAccess Promotingtheunderstandingofsexdifferences toenhanceequityandexcellenceinbiomedical science ArthurPArnold From the moment of our conception, each of us has a incidence ofmultiple sclerosis [2,3]. Malessuffer more sex. Sex has a major role in determining the physical fromsomebraindiseasessuchasattentiondeficithyper- attributesofourbodies,thestructureofourbrains,our activity disorder, autismspectrumdisorders, Tourette’s behavioraltendencies,oursusceptibilityandreactionto syndrome,Parkinson’sdisease,etc.[4,5].Sexdifferences diseases, the environment in which we grow up, our occurinmetabolicdisease,hypertension,cardiovascular placeinsociety, theattitudes ofotherstowardsus,and disease, cancer, andresponse todrugs [6-10]. Insome ourconceptionofself.Althoughsexmaybeconsidered cases,thesexdifferencesarecomplex,changingoverthe tobedeterminedprimarilybiologically,ourgender(i.e., lifespanorasafunctionofenvironment,suggestingthat the social perception and implications of our sex) is therearemultiplesex-biasedorsex-specificfactorsthat arguably equally or more important for our lives. Sex needtobeunderstood.Attheveryleast,explainingthe andgender differences arecreated byanintricate reci- sex-specific causalvariables shouldhelpphysicians and procal interaction of numerous biological and environ- patientsanticipate importantchangesoverthelifespan. mentalforces. More importantly, understanding these factors could BiologyofSexDifferencespublishesarticlesconcerning uncoversex-specificprotectiveforcesthatareattractive theroleofsexandgenderinnormaltraits anddisease. targetsfornoveltherapies. AstheofficialjournaloftheOrganizationfortheStudy ofSexDifferences (), Biologyof Biomedicalsciencehasshownastrongsexbias SexDifferenceswillserveasaforumfordiscussionofthe andblindnesstosex forces that make females and males different, and the Analysisofthescientificliteratur