Promoter Variation and Transcript Divergence in Brassicaceae Lineages of FLOWERING LOCUS T 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Promoter Variation and Transcript Divergence in Brassicaceae Lineages of FLOWERING LOCUS T 英文参考文献.doc

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Promoter Variation and Transcript Divergence in Brassicaceae Lineages of FLOWERING LOCUS T 英文参考文献

PromoterVariationandTranscriptDivergencein BrassicaceaeLineagesofFLOWERINGLOCUST JingWang1,ClareJ.Hopkins2,JinnaHou1,XiaoxiaoZou1,ChongnanWang1,YanLong1,SmitaKurup3, GrahamJ.King4*,JinlingMeng1* 1NationalKeyLaboratoryofCropGeneticImprovement,HuazhongAgriculturalUniversity,Wuhan,People’sRepublicofChina,2DepartmentofPathology,TheUniversity ofMelbourne,Victoria,Australia,3RothamstedResearch,Harpenden,Herts,UnitedKingdom,4SouthernCrossPlantScience,SouthernCrossUniversity,Lismore,New SouthWales,Australia Abstract Brassicanapus(AACC,2n=38),anoilcropofworld-wideimportance,originatedfrominterspecifichybridizationofB.rapa (AA, 2n=20) and B. oleracea (CC, 2n=18), and has six FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) paralogues. Two located on the homeologous chromosomes A2 and C2 arose from a lineage distinct from four located on A7 and C6. A set of three conserved blocks A, B and C, which were found to be essential for FT activation by CONSTANS (CO) in Arabidopsis , was identifiedwithintheFTupstreamregioninB.napusanditsprogenitordiploids.However,onchromosomeC2,insertionofa DNA transposable element (TE) and a retro-element in FT upstream blocks A and B contributed to significant structural divergencebetweentheAandCgenomeorthologues.PhylogeneticanalysisofupstreamblockAindicatedtheconserved evolutionary relationships of distinct FT genes within Brassicaceae. We conclude that the ancient At-a whole genome duplicationcontributedtodistinctancestrallineagesforthiskeyadaptivegene,whichco-existwithinthesamegenus.FT- A2 was found to be transcribed in all leaf samples from different developmental stages in both B. rapa and B. napus, whereasFT-C2wasnottranscribedineitherB.napusorB.oleracea.SilencingofFT-C2appearedtoresultfromTEinsertion and consequent high levels of cytosine methylation in TE sequences within upstream block A. Interestingly, FT-A7/C6 paralogues were specifically silenced in winter type B. napus but abundantly expressed in spring type cultivars under vernalization-free conditions. Motif