Promotional Tone in Reviews of Menopausal Hormone Therapy After the Womens Health Initiative An Analysis of Published Articles 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Promotional Tone in Reviews of Menopausal Hormone Therapy After the Womens Health Initiative An Analysis of Published Articles 英文参考文献.doc

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Promotional Tone in Reviews of Menopausal Hormone Therapy After the Womens Health Initiative An Analysis of Published Articles 英文参考文献

PromotionalToneinReviewsofMenopausalHormone TherapyAftertheWomen’sHealthInitiative:AnAnalysis ofPublishedArticles AdrianeFugh-Berman1*,ChristinaPikeMcDonald1,AliciaM.Bell1,EmilyCatherineBethards1, AnthonyR.Scialli2 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington D.C., United States of America, 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,GeorgetownUniversityMedicalCenter,WashingtonD.C.,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background:EvenaftertheWomen’sHealthInitiative(WHI)foundthattherisksofmenopausalhormonetherapy(hormone therapy) outweighed benefit for asymptomatic women, about half of gynecologists in the United States continued to believe that hormones benefited women’s health. The pharmaceutical industry has supported publication of articles in medicaljournalsformarketingpurposes.Itisunknownwhetherauthorrelationshipswithindustryaffectpromotionaltone inarticlesonhormonetherapy.Thegoalofthisstudywastodeterminewhetherpromotionaltonecouldbeidentifiedin narrativereviewarticlesregardingmenopausalhormonetherapyandwhetherarticlesidentifiedaspromotionalweremore likelytohavebeenauthoredbythosewithconflictsofinterestwithmanufacturersofmenopausalhormonetherapy. Methods and Findings: We analyzed tone in opinion pieces on hormone therapy published in the four years after the estrogen-progestinarmoftheWHIwasstopped.First,weidentifiedthetenauthorswithfourormoreMEDLINE-indexed reviews, editorials, comments, or letters on hormone replacement therapy or menopausal hormone therapy published betweenJuly2002andJune2006.Next,weconductedanadditionalsearchusingthenamesoftheseauthorstoidentify otherrelevantarticles.Finally,afterauthornamesandaffiliationswereremoved,50articleswereevaluatedbythreereaders forscientificaccuracyandfortone.ScientificaccuracywasassessedbasedonwhetherornotthefindingsoftheWHIwere accuratelyreportedusingtwocriteria:(1)Acknowledgmentorlackofdenialoftheriskofbreastcancerdiagnosisassociated withhormonetherapy,and(2)acknowledgmentth