Prospective cohort studies on risk factors for cardiovascular events in systemic lupus erythematosus a major challenge 英文参考文献.docVIP

Bultink Arthritis Research Therapy 2010,12:107 /content/12/1/107 EDITORIAL Prospective cohort studies on risk factors for cardiovascular events in systemic lupus erythematosus: a major challenge Irene EM Bultink* See related research by Gustafsson et al., /content/11/6/R186 e study demonstrates the di? culties inherent in Abstract research of events in which the relative risk of the occurrence is high while the absolute risk of the event is low. Despite the improved overall survival in patients with SLE over the last decades, the risk for cardiovascular death has not diminished [5]. In female patients with SLE, the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke is 8- to 10-fold greater than that of age-matched healthy women [6], and therefore the detection of predictors of these complications is of great importance. However, against the low background rate of CVEs in healthy, relatively young females, the absolute incidence rate of CVEs in lupus cohorts composed predominantly of females will be low. Gustafsson and colleagues report that 24 out of 182 patients with SLE (mean age of 44 years; 90% of the patients were female) had at least one CVE after a mean follow-up of 8 years; this equates to the occurrence of one ? rst CVE in 63 patient-years. In the Lumina cohort, 34 out of 546 patients developed at least one CVE after a Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been identi?ed as a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The etiology of premature CVD in SLE is supposed to have many factors, including traditional coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors, antiphospholipid antibodies, and metabolic and in?ammatory factors. Despite the overwhelming interest in CVD in SLE research, prospective studies evaluating risk factors for hard endpoints (that is, cardiovascular events) are relatively scarce. The article by Gust