Protein Hydrolysates Are Avoided by Herbivores but Not by Omnivores in Two-Choice Preference Tests 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Protein Hydrolysates Are Avoided by Herbivores but Not by Omnivores in Two-Choice Preference Tests 英文参考文献.doc

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Protein Hydrolysates Are Avoided by Herbivores but Not by Omnivores in Two-Choice Preference Tests 英文参考文献

ProteinHydrolysatesAreAvoidedbyHerbivoresbutNot byOmnivoresinTwo-ChoicePreferenceTests KristinL.Field1,AlexanderA.Bachmanov1,JulieA.Mennella1,GaryK.Beauchamp1,BruceA.Kimball1,2* 1Monell Chemical Senses Center,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania, UnitedStates ofAmerica, 2USDA-APHIS,NationalWildlife Research Center,Ft.Collins, Colorado, United StatesofAmerica Abstract Background:Thenegativesensorypropertiesofcaseinhydrolysates(HC)oftenlimittheirusageinproductsintendedfor humanconsumption,despiteHCbeingnutritiousandhavingmanyfunctionalbenefits.Recent,buttaxonomicallylimited, evidencesuggeststhatotheranimalsalsoavoidconsumingHCwhenalternativesexist. Methodology/Principal Findings: We evaluated ingestive responses of five herbivorous species (guinea pig, mountain beaver,gopher,vole,andrabbit)andfiveomnivorous species (rat,coyote,house mouse,white-footedmouse,anddeer mouse;N=16–18/species)usingsolidfoodscontaining20%HCinaseriesoftwo-choicepreferenceteststhatusedanon- protein, cellulose-based alternative. Individuals were also tested with collagen hydrolysate (gelatin; GE) to determine whether it would induce similar ingestive responses to those induced by HC. Despite HC and GE having very different nutritional and sensory qualities, both hydrolysates produced similar preference score patterns. We found that the herbivoresgenerallyavoidedthehydrolysateswhiletheomnivoresconsumedthematsimilarlevelstothecellulosedietor, morerarely,preferredthem(HCbythewhite-footedmouse;GEbytherat).Follow-uppreferencetestspairingHCandthe nutritionallyequivalentintactcasein(C)wereperformedonthethreemousespeciesandtheguineapigs.Forthemice, meanHCpreferencescoreswerelowerintheHCvCcomparedtotheHCvCeltests,indicatingthatHC’ssensoryqualities negativelyaffecteditsconsumption.However,responseswerespecies-specific.Fortheguineapigs,repeatedexposureto HCorC(4.7-hsessions;N=10)werefoundtoincreasesubsequentHCpreferencescoresinanHCvCpreferencetest,which wasinterpretedinthelightofconservativeforagingstrategies