Quantifying the Burden and Trends of Isoniazid Resistant Tuberculosis, 1994–2009 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Quantifying the Burden and Trends of Isoniazid Resistant Tuberculosis, 1994–2009 英文参考文献.doc

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Quantifying the Burden and Trends of Isoniazid Resistant Tuberculosis, 1994–2009 英文参考文献

QuantifyingtheBurdenandTrendsofIsoniazidResistant Tuberculosis,1994–2009 HelenE.Jenkins1,2*,MatteoZignol3,TedCohen1,4 1BrighamandWomen’sHospital,Boston,Massachusetts,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2HarvardMedicalSchool,Boston,Massachusetts,UnitedStatesofAmerica,3StopTB Department,WorldHealthOrganization,Geneva,Switzerland,4DepartmentofEpidemiology,HarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,Boston,Massachusetts,UnitedStatesof America Abstract Background:Quantifyingisoniazidresistant(INH-R)tuberculosis(TB)isimportantbecauseisoniazidresistancereducesthe probability of treatment success, may facilitate the spread of multidrug resistance, and may reduce the effectiveness of isoniazidpreventivetherapy(IPT). Methodology/Principal Findings: We used data reported to the World Health Organization between 1994–2009 to estimatetheINH-RburdenamongnewandretreatmentTBcases.WeassessedgeographicalandtemporalvariationinINH- RandreportedlevelsinhighHIVprevalencecountries($2%)tounderstandimplicationsforIPT.131settingsreportedINH- Rdatasince1994.AsingleglobalestimateofthepercentageofincidentTBcaseswithINH-Rwasdeemedinappropriate duetoparticularlyhighlevelsintheEasternEuropeanregionwhere44.9%(95%CI:34.0%,55.8%)ofincidentTBcaseshad INH-R.Inallotherregionscombined,13.9%(95%CI:12.6%,15.2%)ofincidentcaseshadINH-Rwiththelowestregional levelsseeninWest/CentralEuropeandAfrica.Wheretrenddataexisted,wefoundexamplesofrisingandfallingburdensof INH-R.40%ofhighHIVprevalencecountriesreportednationaldataonINH-Rand7.3%(95%CI:5.5%,9.1%)ofcasesinthese settingshadINH-R. Conclusions/Significance:OutsidetheEasternEuropeanregion,oneinsevenincidentTBcaseshasINH-R,whilethisrisesto nearly half within Eastern Europe. Many countries cannot assess trends in INH-R and the scarcity of data from high HIV prevalence areas limits insight into the implications for IPT. Further research is required to understand reasons for the observedtimetrendsandtodeterminetheeffectsofINH-RforcontrolofTB. Citation: Jenkins HE, Zignol M, Cohen T (2011) Quant