Range Camera Self-Calibration Based on Integrated Bundle Adjustment via Joint Setup with a 2D Digital Camera 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Range Camera Self-Calibration Based on Integrated Bundle Adjustment via Joint Setup with a 2D Digital Camera 英文参考文献.doc

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Range Camera Self-Calibration Based on Integrated Bundle Adjustment via Joint Setup with a 2D Digital Camera 英文参考文献

Sensors 2011, 11, 8721-8740; doi:10.3390/s110908721 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Article Range Camera Self-Calibration Based on Integrated Bundle Adjustment via Joint Setup with a 2D Digital Camera Mozhdeh Shahbazi 1,*, Saeid Homayouni 1, Mohammad Saadatseresht 1 and Mehran Sattari 2 1 Department of Geomatics Engineering, University of Tehran, North Amriabad Street, Tehran 11155-4563, Iran; E-Mails: homayounis@ut.ac.ir (S.H.); msaadat@ut.ac.ir (M.S.) 2 Department of Geomatics Engineering, University of Isfahan, HezarJerib Street, Isfahan 81746- 73441, Iran; E-Mail: sattari@eng.ui.ac.ir * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: shahbazi.m@ut.ac.ir; Tel.: +98-311-793-4075; Fax: +98-311-793-2675. Received: 15 July 2011; in revised form: 12 August 2011 / Accepted: 15 August 2011 / Published: 8 September 2011 Abstract: Time-of-flight cameras, based on Photonic Mixer Device (PMD) technology, are capable of measuring distances to objects at high frame rates, however, the measured ranges and the intensity data contain systematic errors that need to be corrected. In this paper, a new integrated range camera self-calibration method via joint setup with a digital (RGB) camera is presented. This method can simultaneously estimate the systematic range error parameters as well as the interior and external orientation parameters of the camera. The calibration approach is based on photogrammetric bundle adjustment of observation equations originating from collinearity condition and a range errors model. Addition of a digital camera to the calibration process overcomes the limitations of small field of view and low pixel resolution of the range camera. The tests are performed on a dataset captured by a PMD[vision]-O3 camera from a multi-resolution test field of high contrast targets. An average improvement of 83% in RMS of range error and 72% in RMS of coordinate residual, over th