Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness in Western Rwanda Blindness in a Postconflict Setting 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness in Western Rwanda Blindness in a Postconflict Setting 英文参考文献.doc

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Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness in Western Rwanda Blindness in a Postconflict Setting 英文参考文献

o PL SMEDICINE RapidAssessmentofAvoidableBlindness inWesternRwanda: BlindnessinaPostconflictSetting Wanjiku Mathenge1,2,John Nkurikiye3,Hans Limburg2,Hannah Kuper2* 1RiftValleyProvincialHospital,Nakuru,Kenya,2LondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicine,London,UnitedKingdom,3KingFaisalHospital,Kigali,Rwanda Funding:Thisstudywassupported byfundingfromtheFredHollows Foundation.Thesponsorplayedno roleinthestudydesign,collection, analysisorinterpretationofdata, writingofthepaperorthedecision tosubmititforpublication. ABSTRACT Background TheWorldHealthOrganizationestimatesthattherewere37millionblindpeoplein2002and thattheprevalenceofblindnesswas9%amongadultsinAfricaaged50yearsorolder.Recent surveys indicate that this figure may be overestimated, while a survey from southern Sudan suggestedthatpostconflictareasareparticularlyvulnerabletoblindness.Theaimofthisstudy was toconduct a Rapid Assessment for Avoidable Blindness to estimate the magnitude and causes of visual impairment in people aged 50 y in the postconflict area of the Western ProvinceofRwanda,whichincludesone-quarterofthepopulationofRwanda. CompetingInterests:Theauthors havedeclaredthatnocompeting interestsexist. AcademicEditor:RupertBourne, HinchingbrookeHospital,United Kingdom Citation:MathengeW,NkurikiyeJ, LimburgH,KuperH(2007)Rapid assessmentofavoidableblindnessin westernRwanda:Blindnessina postconflictsetting.PLoSMed4(7): e217.doi:10.1371/journal.pmed. 0040217 MethodsandFindings Clustersof50peopleaged50ywereselectedthroughprobabilityproportionatetosize sampling. Households within clusters were selected through compact segment sampling. Visualacuity(VA)wasmeasuredwithatumbling‘‘E’’chart,andthosewithVAbelow6/18in eithereyewereexaminedbyanophthalmologist.Theteamsexamined2,206people(response rate 98.0%). The unadjusted prevalence of bilateral blindness was 1.8% (95% confidence interval[CI]1.2%–2.4%),1.3%(0.8%–1.7%)forseverevisualimpairment,and5.3%(4.2%–6.4%) for visual impairment. Most bilateral blindness (65%)