rbcL and matK Earn Two Thumbs Up as the Core DNA Barcode for Ferns 英文参考文献.docVIP

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rbcL and matK Earn Two Thumbs Up as the Core DNA Barcode for Ferns 英文参考文献.doc

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rbcL and matK Earn Two Thumbs Up as the Core DNA Barcode for Ferns 英文参考文献

rbcLandmatKEarnTwoThumbsUpastheCoreDNA BarcodeforFerns Fay-WeiLi1*,Li-YaungKuo2,CarlJ.Rothfels1,AtsushiEbihara3,Wen-LiangChiou4,MichaelD. Windham1,KathleenM.Pryer1 1DepartmentofBiology,DukeUniversity,Durham,NorthCarolina,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2InstituteofEcologyandEvolutionaryBiology,NationalTaiwanUniversity, Taipei,Taiwan,3DepartmentofBotany,NationalMuseumofNatureandScience,Tsukuba-shi,Ibaraki,Japan,4DivisionofBotanicalGarden,TaiwanForestryResearch Institute,Taipei,Taiwan Abstract Background: DNAbarcoding will revolutionizeour understandingof fernecology, most especiallybecause theaccurate identification of the independent but cryptic gametophyte phase of the fern’s life history—an endeavor previously impossible—willfinallybefeasible.Inthisstudy,weassessthediscriminatorypowerofthecoreplantDNAbarcode(rbcL andmatK),aswellasalternativelyproposedfernbarcodes(trnH-psbAandtrnL-F),acrossallmajorfernlineages.Wealso presentplastidbarcodedatafortwogenerainthehyperdiversepolypodclade—Deparia(Woodsiaceae)andtheCheilanthes marginatagroup(currentlybeingsegregatedasanewgenusofPteridaceae)—tofurtherevaluatetheresolvingpowerof theseloci. Principal Findings: Our results clearly demonstrate the value of matK data, previously unavailable in ferns because of difficultiesinamplificationduetoamajorrearrangementoftheplastid genome.Withitshighsequencevariation, matK complements rbcL to provide a two-locus barcode with strong resolving power. With sequence variationcomparable to matK,trnL-Fappearstobeasuitablealternativebarcoderegioninferns,andperhapsshouldbeaddedtothecorebarcode regionifuniversalprimerdevelopmentformatKfails.Incontrast,trnH-psbAshowsdramaticallyreducedsequencevariation forthemajorityofferns.Thisislikelyduetothetranslocationofthissegmentoftheplastidgenomeintotheinvertedrepeat regions,whichareknowntohaveahighlyconstrainedsubstitutionrate. Conclusions:Ourstudyprovidesthefirstendorsementofthetwo-locusbarcode(rbcL+matK)inferns,andfavorstrnL-Fover trnH-psbAasapotentia