Reactive oxygen species toxic molecules or spark of life 英文参考文献.docVIP

Available online /content/10/1/208 Review Reactive oxygen species: toxic molecules or spark of life? Sheldon Magder McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Division of Critical Care, Pine Av W, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1A1 Corresponding author: S Magder, Sheldon.magder@muhc.mcgill.ca Published: 3 February 2006 Critical Care 2006, 10:208 (doi:10.1186/cc3992) This article is online at /content/10/1/208 ? 2006 BioMed Central Ltd Abstract oxidation and ROS. It will then become evident that although ROS are potentially very toxic, they are also essential factors in normal metabolism. Increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tissue evidence of oxidative injury are common in patients with inflammatory processes or tissue injury. This has led to many clinical attempts to scavenge ROS and reduce oxidative injury. However, we live in an oxygen rich environment and ROS and their chemical reactions are part of the basic chemical processes of normal metabolism. Accordingly, organisms have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to Oxygen is now the most prevalent element in the earth’s crust [15]. It exists in air as a diatomic molecule, O2. Except for a small number of anaerobic bacteria, all living organisms use O2 for energy production and it is thus essential for life as we know it. Energy production from food material by organisms requires ‘oxidation’, which means the loss of electrons. In anaerobic organisms, electrons are taken up by hydrogen, but in aerobic organisms, the loss of electrons occurs much more efficiently through the use of electron carriers such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and flavins, which are ‘reduced’ in the process by gaining electrons from target molecules and are re-oxidized by donating electrons to O2 through oxidative control these reactive molecules. Recently, it has become increasingly evident that ROS also play a role