Rates and risks for prolonged grief disorder in a sample of orphaned and widowed genocide survivors 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Rates and risks for prolonged grief disorder in a sample of orphaned and widowed genocide survivors 英文参考文献.doc

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Rates and risks for prolonged grief disorder in a sample of orphaned and widowed genocide survivors 英文参考文献

Schaaletal.BMCPsychiatry2010,10:55 /1471-244X/10/55 RESEARCH ARTICLE OpenAccess Ratesandrisksforprolongedgriefdisorderin asampleoforphanedandwidowedgenocide survivors SusanneSchaal1,2*,NadjaJacob1,2,Jean-PierreDusingizemungu3,ThomasElbert1,2 Abstract Background:TheconceptofProlongedGriefDisorder(PGD)hasbeendefinedinrecentyearsbyPrigersonand co-workers,whohavedevelopedandempiricallytestedconsensusanddiagnosticcriteriaforPGD.Usingthese mostrecentcriteriadefiningPGD,theaimofthisstudywastodetermineratesofandrisksforPGDinsurvivorsof the1994Rwandangenocidewhohadlostaparentand/orthehusbandbefore,duringorafterthe1994events. Methods:ThePG-13wasadministeredto206orphansorhalforphansandto194widows.Aregressionanalysis wascarriedouttoexamineriskfactorsofPGD. Results:8.0%(n=32)ofthesamplemetcriteriaforPGDwithanaverageof12yearspost-loss.Allbutoneperson hadfacedmultiplelossesandthemajorityindicatedthattheirgrief-relatedlosswasduetoviolentdeath(70%). Griefwaspredictedmainlybytimesincetheloss,bytheviolentnatureoftheloss,theseverityofsymptomsof posttraumaticstressdisorder(PTSD)andtheimportancegiventoreligious/spiritualbeliefs.Bycontrast,gender,age atthetimeofbereavement,bereavementstatus(widowversusorphan),thenumberofdifferenttypesoflosses reportedandparticipationinthefuneralceremonydidnotimpacttheseverityofprolongedgriefreactions. Conclusions:Asignificantportionoftheinterviewedsamplecontinuestoexperiencegriefoverinterpersonal lossesandunresolvedgriefmayendureovertimeifnotaddressedbyclinicalintervention.Severityofgrief reactionsmaybeassociatedwithasetofdistinctriskfactors.Subjectswholosesomeonethroughviolentdeath seemtobeatspecialriskastheyhavetodealwiththelossexperienceassuchandthetraumaticaspectsofthe loss.SymptomsofPTSDmayhinderthecompletionofthemourningprocess.Religiousbeliefsmayfacilitatethe mourningprocessandhelptofindmeaningintheloss.Theseaspectsneedtobeconsideredinthetreatmentof PGD. Background recentproposaltospecifysymptomsofpathologicalgrief The loss of aloved one through