Rapid Global Expansion of Invertebrate Fisheries Trends, Drivers, and Ecosystem Effects 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Rapid Global Expansion of Invertebrate Fisheries Trends, Drivers, and Ecosystem Effects 英文参考文献.doc

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Rapid Global Expansion of Invertebrate Fisheries Trends, Drivers, and Ecosystem Effects 英文参考文献

RapidGlobalExpansionofInvertebrateFisheries:Trends, Drivers,andEcosystemEffects SeanC.Anderson1*,JoannaMillsFlemming2,RegWatson3,HeikeK.Lotze1 1Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, 2Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,3FisheriesCentre,UniversityofBritishColumbia,Vancouver,BritishColumbia,Canada Abstract Background: Worldwide, finfish fisheries are receiving increasing assessment and regulation, slowly leading to more sustainable exploitation and rebuilding. In their wake, invertebrate fisheries are rapidly expanding with little scientific scrutinydespiteincreasingsocio-economicimportance. Methods and Findings: We provide the first global evaluation of the trends, drivers, and population and ecosystem consequencesofinvertebratefisheriesbasedonaglobalcatchdatabaseincombinationwithtaxa-specificreviews.Wealso develop new methodologies to quantify temporal and spatial trends in resource status and fishery development. Since 1950,globalinvertebratecatcheshaveincreased6-foldwith1.5timesmorecountriesfishinganddoublethetaxareported. By2004,34%ofinvertebratefisherieswereover-exploited,collapsed,orclosed.Newfisherieshavedevelopedincreasingly rapidly, with a decrease of 6 years (+3 years) in time to peak from the 1950s to 1990s. Moreover, some fisheries have expandedfurtherandfurtherawayfromtheirdrivingmarket,encompassingaglobalfisherybythe1990s.71%oftaxa(53% ofcatches)areharvestedwithhabitat-destructivegear,andmanyprovideimportantecosystemfunctionsincludinghabitat, filtration,andgrazing. Conclusions:Ourfindingssuggestthatinvertebratespecies,whichformanimportantcomponentofthebasisofmarine foodwebs,areincreasinglyexploitedwithlimitedstockandecosystem-impactassessments,andenhancedmanagement attentionisneededtoavoidnegativeconsequencesforoceanecosystemsandhumanwell-being. Citation:AndersonSC,MillsFlemmingJ,WatsonR,LotzeHK(2011)RapidGlobalExpansionofInvertebrateFisheries:Trends,Drivers,