Reciprocal Loss of CArG-Boxes and Auxin Response Elements Drives Expression Divergence of MPF2-Like MADS-Box Genes Controlling Calyx Inflation 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Reciprocal Loss of CArG-Boxes and Auxin Response Elements Drives Expression Divergence of MPF2-Like MADS-Box Genes Controlling Calyx Inflation 英文参考文献.doc

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Reciprocal Loss of CArG-Boxes and Auxin Response Elements Drives Expression Divergence of MPF2-Like MADS-Box Genes Controlling Calyx Inflation 英文参考文献

ReciprocalLossofCArG-BoxesandAuxinResponse ElementsDrivesExpressionDivergenceofMPF2-Like MADS-BoxGenesControllingCalyxInflation MuhammadRamzanKhan2*,JinyongHu1,GhulamMuhammadAli2 1Max-Planck-Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Department of Molecular Plant Genetics, Cologne, Germany, 2National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology,NationalAgriculturalResearchCentre,Islamabad,Pakistan Abstract Expression divergence is thought to be a hallmark of functional diversification between homologs post duplication. ModificationinregulatoryelementshasbeeninvokedtoexplainexpressiondivergenceafterduplicationforseveralMADS- boxgenes,however,verificationofreciprocallossofcis-regulatoryelementsislackinginplants.Here,wereportthatthe evolution of MPF2-like genes has entailed degenerative mutations in a core promoter CArG-box and an auxin response factor(ARF)bindingelementinthelarge1stintroninthecodingregion.Previously,MPF2-likegeneswereduplicatedinto MPF2-like-Aand-BthroughgenomeduplicationinWithaniaandTubocapsicum(Withaninae).ThecalyxofWithaniagrows exorbitantlyafterpollinationunlikeTubocapsicum,whereitdegenerates.Besidesinflatedcalyxsyndromeformation,MPF2- liketranscriptionfactorsareimplicatedinfunctionsbothduringthevegetativeandreproductivedevelopmentaswellasin phase transition. MPF2-like-A of Withania (WSA206) is strongly expressed in sepals, while MPF2-like-B (WSB206) is not. Interestingly, their combined expression patterns seem to replicate the pattern of their closely related hypothetical progenitorsfromVassobiaandPhysalis.Usingphylogeneticshadowing,site-directedmutagenesisandmotifswapping,we couldshowthatthelossofaconservedCArG-boxinMPF2-like-BofWithaniaisresponsibleforimpedingitsexpressionin sepals.Conversely,lossofanAREinMPF2-like-Arelaxedtheconstraintonexpressioninsepals.Thus,theAREisanactive suppressorofMPF2-likegeneexpressioninsepals,whichincontrastisactivatedviatheCArG-box.Theobservedexpression divergence in MPF2-like genes due to reciprocal loss of ci