Renegotiation of the 1987 Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement From Confusion to Promise 英文参考文献.docVIP

Sustainability 2012, 4, 1239-1255; doi:10.3390/su4061239 OPEN ACCESS sustainability ISSN 2071-1050 /journal/sustainability Commentary Renegotiation of the 1987 Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement: From Confusion to Promise Gail Krantzberg Centre for Engineering and Public Policy, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; E-Mail: krantz@mcmaster.ca; Tel.: +1-001-905-525-9140; Fax: +1-001-905-257-8907 Received: 21 March 2012; in revised form: 8 June 2012 / Accepted: 12 June 2012 / Published: 15 June 2012 Abstract: For nearly four decades, the Great Lakes regime has invoked the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement as the mechanism for binational cooperation on programs and policies. Many advances in water quality have led to unquestionable improvements in ecosystem quality, habitat and biodiversity, and water infrastructure. Still, Great Lakes scientists have issued compelling evidence that the ecological health of the basin ecosystem is at significant risk. In 2012, the Agreement will be revised for the first time in 25 years. The degree of engagement in a future Agreement, including scope, issues of significant importance, governance and collaboration will hinge on a thorough analytical process, so far seemingly absent, coupled with real consultation, so far marginally evident. Renegotiating the Agreement to generate a revitalized and sustainable future mandates that science inform contemporary public policy, and that inclusive discourse and public engagement be integral through the process. Many of these steps are still absent, and the analysis presented here strongly suggests that the constituents of the Great Lakes regime voice their views critically, emphatically, and often. If the negotiators listen, we can collectively make the Lakes Great. Keywords: shared water; sustainable management approaches; public engagement; Gre