Remote Excitation of Neuronal Circuits Using Low-Intensity, Low-Frequency Ultrasound 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Remote Excitation of Neuronal Circuits Using Low-Intensity, Low-Frequency Ultrasound 英文参考文献.doc

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Remote Excitation of Neuronal Circuits Using Low-Intensity, Low-Frequency Ultrasound 英文参考文献

RemoteExcitationofNeuronalCircuitsUsingLow- Intensity,Low-FrequencyUltrasound WilliamJ.Tyler1,2*,YusufTufail1,MichaelFinsterwald3,MonicaL.Tauchmann1,EmilyJ.Olson1, CassondraMajestic1 1SchoolofLifeSciences,ArizonaStateUniversity,Tempe,Arizona,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2HarringtonDepartmentofBioengineering,ArizonaStateUniversity,Tempe, Arizona,UnitedStatesofAmerica,3ArrayTherapeutic,Scottsdale,Arizona,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Possessingtheabilitytononinvasivelyelicitbraincircuitactivityyieldsimmenseexperimentalandtherapeuticpower.Most currently employed neurostimulation methods rely on the somewhat invasive use of stimulating electrodes or photon- emittingdevices.Duetoitsabilitytononinvasivelypropagatethroughboneandothertissuesinafocusedmanner,the implementation of ultrasound (US) represents a compelling alternative approach to current neuromodulation strategies. Here,weinvestigatedtheinfluenceoflow-intensity,low-frequencyultrasound(LILFU)onneuronalactivity.Bytransmitting USwaveformsthroughhippocampalsliceculturesandexvivomousebrains,wedeterminedLILFUiscapableofremotely andnoninvasivelyexcitingneuronsandnetworkactivity.OurresultsillustratethatLILFUcanstimulateelectricalactivityin neurons by activating voltage-gated sodium channels, as well as voltage-gated calcium channels. The LILFU-induced changes in neuronal activity were sufficient to trigger SNARE-mediated exocytosis and synaptic transmission in hippocampal circuits. Because LILFU can stimulate electrical activity and calcium signaling in neurons as well as central synaptictransmissionweconcludeUSprovidesapowerfultoolforremotelymodulatingbraincircuitactivity. Citation:TylerWJ,TufailY,FinsterwaldM,TauchmannML,OlsonEJ,etal.(2008)RemoteExcitationofNeuronalCircuitsUsingLow-Intensity,Low-Frequency Ultrasound.PLoSONE3(10):e3511.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003511 Editor:HiromuTanimoto,Max-Planck-InstitutfuerNeurobiologie,Germany ReceivedMay6,2008;AcceptedOctober3,2008;PublishedOctober29,2008 Copyright: ? 2008 Tyler e