RNA-seq in grain unveils fate of neo- and paleopolyploidization events in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 英文参考文献.docVIP

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RNA-seq in grain unveils fate of neo- and paleopolyploidization events in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 英文参考文献.doc

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RNA-seq in grain unveils fate of neo- and paleopolyploidization events in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 英文参考文献

Pontetal.GenomeBiology2011,12:R119 /2011/12/12/R119 RESEARCH OpenAccess RNA-seqingrainunveilsfateofneo-and paleopolyploidizationeventsinbreadwheat (TriticumaestivumL.) CarolinePont1?,FlorentMurat1?,CaroleConfolent1,SandrineBalzergue2andJér?meSalse1* Abstract Background:Wholegenomeduplicationisacommonevolutionaryeventinplants.Breadwheat(Triticum aestivumL.)isagoodmodeltoinvestigatetheimpactofpaleo-andneoduplicationsontheorganizationand functionofmodernplantgenomes. Results:WeperformedanRNAsequencing-basedinferenceofthegrainfillinggenenetworkinbreadwheatand identifiedasetof37,695non-redundantsequenceclusters,whichisanunprecedentedresolutioncorresponding toanestimatedhalfofthewheatgenomeunigenerepertoire.UsingtheBrachypodiumdistachyongenomeasa referencefortheTriticeae,weclassifiedgeneclustersintoorthologous,paralogous,andhomoeologous relationships.Basedonthiswheatgeneevolutionaryclassification,olderduplicatedcopies(datingback50to70 millionyears)exhibitmorethan80%genelossandexpressiondivergencewhilerecentduplicates(datingback1.5 to3millionyears)showonly54%genelossand36to49%expressiondivergence. Conclusions:Wesuggestthatstructuralshufflingduetoduplicatedgenelossisarapidprocess,whereas functionalshufflingduetoneo-and/orsubfunctionalizationofduplicatesisalongerprocess,andthatboth shufflingmechanismsdrivefunctionalredundancyerosion.Weconcludethat,asaresultofthesemechanisms,half thegeneduplicatesinplantsarestructurallyandfunctionallyalteredwithin10millionyearsofevolution,andthe diploidizationprocessiscompletedafter45to50millionyearsfollowingpolyploidization. Background (SSDs)aswellascopynumbervariations(CNVs)oftan- More than 40 years ago, based on a few protein dem duplicated genes followed by numerous chromo- sequences from vertebrates, Susumu Ohno proposed somefusion(CF)eventsleadingtothetheirpresent-day polyploidization as a major source of new biological chromosome numbers [2-4]. Duplicate genes that per- pathways created from duplicated gene copies [1]. The sist