Role of CD14 in lung inflammation and infection 英文参考文献.docVIP

Anas et al. Critical Care 2010,14:209 /content/14/2/209 REVIEW Role of CD14 in lung in? ammation and infection Adam Anas, Tom van der Poll, and Alex F de Vos* This article is one of ten reviews selected from the Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2010 (Springer Verlag) and co-published as a series in Critical Care. Other articles in the series can be found online at http://ccforum/series/yearbook. Further information about the Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from /series/2855. Introduction e protein was ? rst identi? ed as a di? erentiation marker Toll-like receptors (TLR) on the surface of cells of the on the surface of monocytes and macrophages and was respiratory tract play an essential role in sensing the designated CD14 at the ? rst leukocyte typing workshop presence of microorganisms in the airways and lungs. in Pari e genomic DNA of human CD14 was ese receptors trigger in? ammatory responses, activate cloned in 1988 and the gene was later mapped to innate immune responses, and prime adaptive immune chromo some 5q23–31. Several polymorphisms have responses to eradicate invading microbes [1]. TLR are been found in the CD14 gene, of which nucleotide poly- members of a family of pattern-recognition receptors, morphisms at position –159 and –1619 correlated with which recognize molecular structures of bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa (pathogen-associated molecular patterns or PAMPs), as well as endogenous structures and proteins released during in? ammation (damage/ decreased lung function in endotoxin-exposed farmers [3]. e CD14 gene consists of two exons which code for a single mRNA that is translated into a protein of 375 amino acids. e CD14 protein is composed of eleven leucin-rich danger-associated molecular patterns or DAMPs). To repeats, which are also