Risk based management of chemicals and products in a circular economy at a global scale (risk cycle), extended producer responsibility and EU legislation 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Risk based management of chemicals and products in a circular economy at a global scale (risk cycle), extended producer responsibility and EU legislation 英文参考文献.doc

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Risk based management of chemicals and products in a circular economy at a global scale (risk cycle), extended producer responsibility and EU legislation 英文参考文献

LahlandZeschmar-LahlEnvironmentalSciencesEurope2013,25:3 /content/25/1/3 RESEARCH OpenAccess Riskbasedmanagementofchemicalsand productsinacirculareconomyataglobalscale (riskcycle),extendedproducerresponsibilityand EUlegislation UweLahl1*andBarbaraZeschmar-Lahl2 Abstract Background:Globalwasterecyclingstreamsareaccompaniedbypollutantemissionandconcentrationof hazardoussubstanceswithinmaterialcycles.Forthelatter,theterm“riskcycle”isintroduced.E.g.theillegalor semi-legalexportofhazardouswasteslikeelectronicscrapindevelopingcountriesforrecyclingisassociatedwith risksformanandtheenvironment,basedontoxicand/orpersistentchemicalcomponentsofthediscarded products. Results:Theproblemofcyclingofpollutantswithinglobalwasterecyclingstreams(riskcycle)canbesolvedin principlewiththeaidofREACHregulations.AccordingtothedemandsoftheREACHguidancedocuments,risk cycleassociatedemissionswouldhavetobeidentifiedduringthedevelopmentofexposurescenariosandtobe reducedbyriskmanagementmeasures.Thiswouldalsoapplytochemicalsinelectronicscrapastheyposehealth riskstoworkersatrecyclingsiteswithpoorworkingconditionse.g.inAfricaandAsia–regardlessifexported illegally.Thereforeitisnecessarytocheckwhetherthesubstancedossiersofthesechemicals,thathaveorhadto besubmittedunderREACH,haveconsideredsuchexposurescenarios. Conclusions:Followingtheextendedproducerresponsibility,thereisaneedforaction.Withinthecontextof Europeanlegislation,riskcycleofpollutantscanbeparticularlyaddressedintheframeworkoftheEuropean chemicalslegislationREACH.Thelegaloptionsaregiveninprinciple.However,itisunclearwhetherthewastelife cyclestage(riskcycle)hasbeenandisincludedsufficientlywithinsubstanceregistrationandregulatoryreviewof theregistrationdossier.IntegratingtheeffectsofrecyclingindevelopingcountriesintotheREACHregulationis undoubtedlyamajorchallenge.Butwithoutdoubtavoidingthecyclingofpollutantswithinglobalwasterecycling streams(riskcycle)isamajorchallenge,too,andinadditiononeofthecoretasksofextendedproducer responsibility. Keywor