Rhesus Factor Modulation of Effects of Smoking and Age on Psychomotor Performance, Intelligence, Personality Profile, and Health in Czech Soldiers 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Rhesus Factor Modulation of Effects of Smoking and Age on Psychomotor Performance, Intelligence, Personality Profile, and Health in Czech Soldiers 英文参考文献.doc

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Rhesus Factor Modulation of Effects of Smoking and Age on Psychomotor Performance, Intelligence, Personality Profile, and Health in Czech Soldiers 英文参考文献

RhesusFactorModulationofEffectsofSmokingandAge onPsychomotorPerformance,Intelligence,Personality Profile,andHealthinCzechSoldiers JaroslavFlegr1*,JanGeryk1,JindraVolny′1,Jirˇ?′Klose2,DanaCernochovaˇ ′3 1FacultyofScience,CharlesUniversityinPrague,Prague,CzechRepublic,2MilitaryUniversityHospitalPrague,CentralMedicalPsychologyDepartment,Prague,Czech Republic,3Hogrefe-Testcentrum,Prague,CzechRepublic Abstract Background: Rhesus-positive and rhesus-negative persons differ in the presence-absence of highly immunogenic RhD protein on the erythrocyte membrane. This protein is a component of NH3 or CO2 pump whose physiological role is unknown.SeveralrecentstudieshaveshownthatRhDpositivityprotectsagainsteffectsoflatenttoxoplasmosisonmotor performanceandpersonality.Itisnotknown,however,whethertheRhDphenotypemodifiesexclusivelytheresponseof thebodytotoxoplasmosisorwhetheritalsoinfluenceseffectsofotherfactors. Methodology/Principal Findings: In the present cohort study, we searched for the effects of age and smoking on performance, intelligence, personality andself-estimated health andwellness in about 3800 draftees. We foundthat the positiveeffectofageonperformanceandintelligencewasstrongerinRhD-positivesoldiers,whilethenegativeeffectof smokingonperformanceandintelligencewasofsimilarsizeregardlessoftheRhDphenotype.Theeffectofageonfour Cattell’spersonalityfactors,i.e.,dominance(E),radicalism(Q1),self-sentimentintegration(Q3),andergictension(Q4),andon Cloninger’sfactorrewarddependency(RD)wasstrongerforRhD-negativethanRhD-positivesubjects,whiletheeffectof smokingonthenumberofviralandbacterialdiseaseswasaboutthreetimesstrongerforRhD-negativethanRhD-positive subjects. Conclusions: RhD phenotype modulates the influence not only of latent toxoplasmosis, but also of at least two other potentiallydetrimentalfactors,ageandsmoking,onhumanbehaviorandphysiology.Thenegativeeffectofsmokingon health(estimatedonthebasisoftheself-ratednumberofcommonviralandbacterialdiseasesinthepas