Reverse Engineering of Oxygen Transport in the Lung Adaptation to Changing Demands and Resources through Space-Filling Networks 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Reverse Engineering of Oxygen Transport in the Lung Adaptation to Changing Demands and Resources through Space-Filling Networks 英文参考文献.doc

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Reverse Engineering of Oxygen Transport in the Lung Adaptation to Changing Demands and Resources through Space-Filling Networks 英文参考文献

ReverseEngineeringofOxygenTransportintheLung: AdaptationtoChangingDemandsandResources throughSpace-FillingNetworks ChenHou1,StefanGheorghiu2,VirginiaH.Huxley3,PeterPfeifer4* 1DepartmentofSystemsandComputationalBiology,AlbertEinsteinCollegeofMedicine,Bronx,NewYork,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2CenterforComplexityStudies, Bucharest, Romania, 3Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America, 4Department of Physics,UniversityofMissouri,Columbia,Missouri,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Thespace-fillingfractalnetworkinthehumanlungcreatesaremarkabledistributionsystemforgasexchange.Landmark studieshaveilluminatedhowthefractalnetworkguaranteesminimumenergydissipation,slowsairdownwithminimum hardware,maximizesthegas-exchangesurfacearea,andcreatesrespiratoryflexibilitybetweenrestandexercise.Inthis paper, we investigate how the fractal architecture affects oxygen transport and exchange under varying physiological conditions,withrespecttoperformancemetricsnotpreviouslystudied. Wepresentarenormalizationtreatmentofthe diffusion-reactionequationwhichdescribeshowoxygenconcentrationsdropintheairwaysasoxygencrossesthealveolar membranesystem.Thetreatmentpredictsoxygencurrentsacrossthelungatdifferentlevelsofexercisewhichagreewith measured values within a few percent. The results exhibit wide-ranging adaptation to changing process parameters, includingmaximumoxygenuptakerateatminimumalveolarmembranepermeability,theabilitytorapidlyswitchfroma lowoxygenuptakerateatresttohighratesatexercise,andtheabilitytomaintainaconstantoxygenuptakerateinthe eventofachangeinpermeabilityorsurfacearea.Weshowthatalternative,lessthanspace-fillingarchitecturesperform sub-optimally and that optimal performance of the space-filling architecture results from a competition between underexplorationandoverexplorationofthesurfacebyoxygenmolecules. Citation: Hou C, Gheorghiu S, Huxley VH, Pfeifer P (2010) Reverse Engineering of Oxygen Transport in