Reverse Taxonomy for Elucidating Diversity of Insect-Associated Nematodes A Case Study with Termites 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Reverse Taxonomy for Elucidating Diversity of Insect-Associated Nematodes A Case Study with Termites 英文参考文献.doc

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Reverse Taxonomy for Elucidating Diversity of Insect-Associated Nematodes A Case Study with Termites 英文参考文献

ReverseTaxonomyforElucidatingDiversityofInsect- AssociatedNematodes:ACaseStudywithTermites NatsumiKanzaki1,2*,RobinM.Giblin-Davis1,RudolfH.Scheffrahn1,HisatomoTaki2,AlejandroEsquivel3, KerrieA.Davies4,E.AllenHerre5 1FortLauderdaleResearchandEducationCenter,UniversityofFlorida/IFAS,Davie,Florida,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2ForestryandForestProductsResearchInstitute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, 3Universidad Nacional,Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias, Laboratorio de Nematologia, Heredia, Costa Rica, 4Centrefor Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity,SchoolofAgriculture,FoodandWine,TheUniversityofAdelaide,WaiteCampus,GlenOsmond,SouthAustralia,Australia,5SmithsonianTropicalResearch Institute,Balboa,Ancon,RepublicofPanama Abstract Background: The molecular operationaltaxonomic unit (MOTU) has recentlybeen applied tomicrobial andmicroscopic animalbiodiversitysurveys.However,inmanycases,someoftheMOTUscannotbedefinitivelytiedtoanyofthetaxonomic groupsincurrentdatabases.Tosurmounttheselimitations,theconceptof‘‘reversetaxonomy’’hasbeenproposed,i.e.to primarily list the MOTUs with morphological information, andthen identify and/or describe themat genus/species level usingsubsamplesorbyre-isolatingthetargetorganisms.Nevertheless,theapplicationof‘‘reversetaxonomy’’hasnotbeen sufficiently evaluated. Therefore, the practical applicability of ‘‘reverse taxonomy’’ is tested using termite-associated nematodesasamodelsystemforphoretic/parasiticorganismswhichhavehighhabitatspecificityandapotentialhandle (theirtermitehostspecies)forre-isolationattempts. Methodology:Forty-eightspecies(from298colonies)oftermitescollectedfromtheAmericantropicsandsubtropicswere examined for their nematode associates using the reverse taxonomy method and culturing attempts (morphological identificationandfurthersequencingefforts).Thesurveyyielded51sequencetypes(= MOTUs)belongingto19tentatively identifiedgenera.Withinthese,fourwereidentifiedbasedonmoleculardatawithpreliminarymorphologicalobservation, andanadditionalsev